Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,701–2,800 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,701 135.05450.0526.1470.0149998.11000
    2,702 135.1450.0526.1510.0149998.11000
    2,703 135.15450.0526.1550.0149998.11000
    2,704 135.2450.0526.1590.0149998.11000
    2,705 135.25450.0526.1630.0149998.11000
    2,706 135.3450.0526.1680.0149998.11000
    2,707 135.35450.0526.1720.0149998.11000
    2,708 135.4450.0526.1760.0149998.21000
    2,709 135.45450.0526.180.0149998.21000
    2,710 135.5450.0526.1840.0149998.21000
    2,711 135.55450.0526.1880.0149998.21000
    2,712 135.6450.0526.1920.0149998.21000
    2,713 135.65450.0526.1960.0149998.21000
    2,714 135.7450.0526.20.0149998.21000
    2,715 135.75450.0526.2040.0149998.21000
    2,716 135.8450.0526.2080.0149998.21000
    2,717 135.85450.0526.2120.0149998.21000
    2,718 135.9450.0526.2160.0149998.21000
    2,719 135.95450.0526.220.0149998.21000
    2,720 136.0450.0526.2240.0149998.21000
    2,721 136.05450.0526.2290.0149998.31000
    2,722 136.1450.0526.2330.0149998.31000
    2,723 136.15450.0526.2370.0149998.31000
    2,724 136.2450.0526.2410.0149998.31000
    2,725 136.25450.0526.2450.0149998.31000
    2,726 136.3450.0526.2490.0149998.31000
    2,727 136.35450.0526.2530.0149998.31000
    2,728 136.4450.0526.2570.0149998.31000
    2,729 136.45450.0526.2610.0149998.31000
    2,730 136.5450.0526.2650.0149998.31000
    2,731 136.55450.0526.2690.0149998.31000
    2,732 136.6450.0526.2730.0149998.31000
    2,733 136.65450.0526.2770.0149998.31000
    2,734 136.7450.0526.2810.0149998.31000
    2,735 136.75450.0526.2860.0149998.41000
    2,736 136.8450.0526.290.0149998.41000
    2,737 136.85450.0526.2940.0149998.41000
    2,738 136.9450.0526.2980.0149998.41000
    2,739 136.95450.0526.3020.0149998.41000
    2,740 137.0450.0526.3060.0149998.41000
    2,741 137.05450.0526.310.0149998.41000
    2,742 137.1450.0526.3140.0149998.41000
    2,743 137.15450.0526.3180.0149998.41000
    2,744 137.2450.0526.3220.0149998.41000
    2,745 137.25450.0526.3260.0149998.41000
    2,746 137.3450.0526.330.0149998.41000
    2,747 137.35450.0526.3340.0149998.41000
    2,748 137.4450.0526.3380.0149998.41000
    2,749 137.45450.0526.3420.0149998.41000
    2,750 137.5450.0526.3470.0149998.51000
    2,751 137.55450.0526.3510.0149998.51000
    2,752 137.6450.0526.3550.0149998.51000
    2,753 137.65450.0526.3590.0149998.51000
    2,754 137.7450.0526.3630.0149998.51000
    2,755 137.75450.0526.3670.0149998.51000
    2,756 137.8450.0526.3710.0149998.51000
    2,757 137.85450.0526.3750.0149998.51000
    2,758 137.9450.0526.3790.0149998.51000
    2,759 137.95450.0526.3830.0149998.51000
    2,760 138.0450.0526.3870.0149998.51000
    2,761 138.05450.0526.3910.0149998.51000
    2,762 138.1450.0526.3950.0149998.51000
    2,763 138.15450.0526.3990.0149998.51000
    2,764 138.2450.0526.4030.0149998.51000
    2,765 138.25450.0526.4080.0149998.51000
    2,766 138.3450.0526.4120.0149998.61000
    2,767 138.35450.0526.4160.0149998.61000
    2,768 138.4450.0526.420.0149998.61000
    2,769 138.45450.0526.4240.0149998.61000
    2,770 138.5450.0526.4280.0149998.61000
    2,771 138.55450.0526.4320.0149998.61000
    2,772 138.6450.0526.4360.0149998.61000
    2,773 138.65450.0526.440.0149998.61000
    2,774 138.7450.0526.4440.0149998.61000
    2,775 138.75450.0526.4480.0149998.61000
    2,776 138.8450.0526.4520.0149998.61000
    2,777 138.85450.0526.4560.0149998.61000
    2,778 138.9450.0526.460.0149998.61000
    2,779 138.95450.0526.4650.0149998.61000
    2,780 139.0450.0526.4690.0149998.61000
    2,781 139.05450.0526.4730.0149998.61000
    2,782 139.1450.0526.4770.0149998.61000
    2,783 139.15450.0526.4810.0149998.71000
    2,784 139.2450.0526.4850.0149998.71000
    2,785 139.25450.0526.4890.0149998.71000
    2,786 139.3450.0526.4930.0149998.71000
    2,787 139.35450.0526.4970.0149998.71000
    2,788 139.4450.0526.5010.0149998.71000
    2,789 139.45450.0526.5050.0149998.71000
    2,790 139.5450.0526.5090.0149998.71000
    2,791 139.55450.0526.5130.0149998.71000
    2,792 139.6450.0526.5170.0149998.71000
    2,793 139.65450.0526.5210.0149998.71000
    2,794 139.7450.0526.5260.0149998.71000
    2,795 139.75450.0526.530.0149998.71000
    2,796 139.8450.0526.5340.0149998.71000
    2,797 139.85450.0526.5380.0149998.71000
    2,798 139.9450.0526.5420.0149998.71000
    2,799 139.95450.0526.5460.0149998.71000
    2,800 140.0450.0526.550.0149998.71000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →