Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,801–2,900 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,801 140.05450.0526.5540.0149998.71000
    2,802 140.1450.0526.5580.0149998.81000
    2,803 140.15450.0526.5620.0149998.81000
    2,804 140.2450.0526.5660.0149998.81000
    2,805 140.25450.0526.570.0149998.81000
    2,806 140.3450.0526.5740.0149998.81000
    2,807 140.35450.0526.5780.0149998.81000
    2,808 140.4450.0526.5820.0149998.81000
    2,809 140.45450.0526.5870.0149998.81000
    2,810 140.5450.0526.5910.0149998.81000
    2,811 140.55450.0526.5950.0149998.81000
    2,812 140.6450.0526.5990.0149998.81000
    2,813 140.65450.0526.6030.0149998.81000
    2,814 140.7450.0526.6070.0149998.81000
    2,815 140.75450.0526.6110.0149998.81000
    2,816 140.8450.0526.6150.0149998.81000
    2,817 140.85450.0526.6190.0149998.81000
    2,818 140.9450.0526.6230.0149998.81000
    2,819 140.95450.0526.6270.0149998.81000
    2,820 141.0450.0526.6310.0149998.81000
    2,821 141.05450.0526.6350.0149998.91000
    2,822 141.1450.0526.6390.0149998.91000
    2,823 141.15450.0526.6440.0149998.91000
    2,824 141.2450.0526.6480.0149998.91000
    2,825 141.25450.0526.6520.0149998.91000
    2,826 141.3450.0526.6560.0149998.91000
    2,827 141.35450.0526.660.0149998.91000
    2,828 141.4450.0526.6640.0149998.91000
    2,829 141.45450.0526.6680.0149998.91000
    2,830 141.5450.0526.6720.0149998.91000
    2,831 141.55450.0526.6760.0149998.91000
    2,832 141.6450.0526.680.0149998.91000
    2,833 141.65450.0526.6840.0149998.91000
    2,834 141.7450.0526.6880.0149998.91000
    2,835 141.75450.0526.6920.0149998.91000
    2,836 141.8450.0526.6960.0149998.91000
    2,837 141.85450.0526.70.0149998.91000
    2,838 141.9450.0526.7050.0149998.91000
    2,839 141.95450.0526.7090.0149998.91000
    2,840 142.0450.0526.7130.0149998.91000
    2,841 142.05450.0526.7170.0149998.91000
    2,842 142.1450.0526.7210.0149998.91000
    2,843 142.15450.0526.7250.0149999.01000
    2,844 142.2450.0526.7290.0149999.01000
    2,845 142.25450.0526.7330.0149999.01000
    2,846 142.3450.0526.7370.0149999.01000
    2,847 142.35450.0526.7410.0149999.01000
    2,848 142.4450.0526.7450.0149999.01000
    2,849 142.45450.0526.7490.0149999.01000
    2,850 142.5450.0526.7530.0149999.01000
    2,851 142.55450.0526.7570.0149999.01000
    2,852 142.6450.0526.7610.0149999.01000
    2,853 142.65450.0526.7660.0149999.01000
    2,854 142.7450.0526.770.0149999.01000
    2,855 142.75450.0526.7740.0149999.01000
    2,856 142.8450.0526.7780.0149999.01000
    2,857 142.85450.0526.7820.0149999.01000
    2,858 142.9450.0526.7860.0149999.01000
    2,859 142.95450.0526.790.0149999.01000
    2,860 143.0450.0526.7940.0149999.01000
    2,861 143.05450.0526.7980.0149999.01000
    2,862 143.1450.0526.8020.0149999.01000
    2,863 143.15450.0526.8060.0149999.01000
    2,864 143.2450.0526.810.0149999.01000
    2,865 143.25450.0526.8140.0149999.01000
    2,866 143.3450.0526.8180.0149999.01000
    2,867 143.35450.0526.8230.0149999.11000
    2,868 143.4450.0526.8270.0149999.11000
    2,869 143.45450.0526.8310.0149999.11000
    2,870 143.5450.0526.8350.0149999.11000
    2,871 143.55450.0526.8390.0149999.11000
    2,872 143.6450.0526.8430.0149999.11000
    2,873 143.65450.0526.8470.0149999.11000
    2,874 143.7450.0526.8510.0149999.11000
    2,875 143.75450.0526.8550.0149999.11000
    2,876 143.8450.0526.8590.0149999.11000
    2,877 143.85450.0526.8630.0149999.11000
    2,878 143.9450.0526.8670.0149999.11000
    2,879 143.95450.0526.8710.0149999.11000
    2,880 144.0450.0526.8750.0149999.11000
    2,881 144.05450.0526.8790.0149999.11000
    2,882 144.1450.0526.8840.0149999.11000
    2,883 144.15450.0526.8880.0149999.11000
    2,884 144.2450.0526.8920.0149999.11000
    2,885 144.25450.0526.8960.0149999.11000
    2,886 144.3450.0526.90.0149999.11000
    2,887 144.35450.0526.9040.0149999.11000
    2,888 144.4450.0526.9080.0149999.11000
    2,889 144.45450.0526.9120.0149999.11000
    2,890 144.5450.0526.9160.0149999.11000
    2,891 144.55450.0526.920.0149999.11000
    2,892 144.6450.0526.9240.0149999.11000
    2,893 144.65450.0526.9280.0149999.11000
    2,894 144.7450.0526.9320.0149999.21000
    2,895 144.75450.0526.9360.0149999.21000
    2,896 144.8450.0526.940.0149999.21000
    2,897 144.85450.0526.9450.0149999.21000
    2,898 144.9450.0526.9490.0149999.21000
    2,899 144.95450.0526.9530.0149999.21000
    2,900 145.0450.0526.9570.0149999.21000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →