Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,601–2,700 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,601 130.05450.0525.740.0149997.11000
    2,602 130.1450.0525.7440.0149997.11000
    2,603 130.15450.0525.7490.0149997.11000
    2,604 130.2450.0525.7530.0149997.21000
    2,605 130.25450.0525.7570.0149997.21000
    2,606 130.3450.0525.7610.0149997.21000
    2,607 130.35450.0525.7650.0149997.21000
    2,608 130.4450.0525.7690.0149997.21000
    2,609 130.45450.0525.7730.0149997.21000
    2,610 130.5450.0525.7770.0149997.21000
    2,611 130.55450.0525.7810.0149997.21000
    2,612 130.6450.0525.7850.0149997.21000
    2,613 130.65450.0525.7890.0149997.31000
    2,614 130.7450.0525.7930.0149997.31000
    2,615 130.75450.0525.7970.0149997.31000
    2,616 130.8450.0525.8010.0149997.31000
    2,617 130.85450.0525.8050.0149997.31000
    2,618 130.9450.0525.810.0149997.31000
    2,619 130.95450.0525.8140.0149997.31000
    2,620 131.0450.0525.8180.0149997.31000
    2,621 131.05450.0525.8220.0149997.31000
    2,622 131.1450.0525.8260.0149997.41000
    2,623 131.15450.0525.830.0149997.41000
    2,624 131.2450.0525.8340.0149997.41000
    2,625 131.25450.0525.8380.0149997.41000
    2,626 131.3450.0525.8420.0149997.41000
    2,627 131.35450.0525.8460.0149997.41000
    2,628 131.4450.0525.850.0149997.41000
    2,629 131.45450.0525.8540.0149997.41000
    2,630 131.5450.0525.8580.0149997.41000
    2,631 131.55450.0525.8620.0149997.51000
    2,632 131.6450.0525.8660.0149997.51000
    2,633 131.65450.0525.8710.0149997.51000
    2,634 131.7450.0525.8750.0149997.51000
    2,635 131.75450.0525.8790.0149997.51000
    2,636 131.8450.0525.8830.0149997.51000
    2,637 131.85450.0525.8870.0149997.51000
    2,638 131.9450.0525.8910.0149997.51000
    2,639 131.95450.0525.8950.0149997.51000
    2,640 132.0450.0525.8990.0149997.61000
    2,641 132.05450.0525.9030.0149997.61000
    2,642 132.1450.0525.9070.0149997.61000
    2,643 132.15450.0525.9110.0149997.61000
    2,644 132.2450.0525.9150.0149997.61000
    2,645 132.25450.0525.9190.0149997.61000
    2,646 132.3450.0525.9230.0149997.61000
    2,647 132.35450.0525.9280.0149997.61000
    2,648 132.4450.0525.9320.0149997.61000
    2,649 132.45450.0525.9360.0149997.61000
    2,650 132.5450.0525.940.0149997.71000
    2,651 132.55450.0525.9440.0149997.71000
    2,652 132.6450.0525.9480.0149997.71000
    2,653 132.65450.0525.9520.0149997.71000
    2,654 132.7450.0525.9560.0149997.71000
    2,655 132.75450.0525.960.0149997.71000
    2,656 132.8450.0525.9640.0149997.71000
    2,657 132.85450.0525.9680.0149997.71000
    2,658 132.9450.0525.9720.0149997.71000
    2,659 132.95450.0525.9760.0149997.71000
    2,660 133.0450.0525.980.0149997.71000
    2,661 133.05450.0525.9840.0149997.81000
    2,662 133.1450.0525.9890.0149997.81000
    2,663 133.15450.0525.9930.0149997.81000
    2,664 133.2450.0525.9970.0149997.81000
    2,665 133.25450.0526.0010.0149997.81000
    2,666 133.3450.0526.0050.0149997.81000
    2,667 133.35450.0526.0090.0149997.81000
    2,668 133.4450.0526.0130.0149997.81000
    2,669 133.45450.0526.0170.0149997.81000
    2,670 133.5450.0526.0210.0149997.81000
    2,671 133.55450.0526.0250.0149997.81000
    2,672 133.6450.0526.0290.0149997.91000
    2,673 133.65450.0526.0330.0149997.91000
    2,674 133.7450.0526.0370.0149997.91000
    2,675 133.75450.0526.0410.0149997.91000
    2,676 133.8450.0526.0450.0149997.91000
    2,677 133.85450.0526.050.0149997.91000
    2,678 133.9450.0526.0540.0149997.91000
    2,679 133.95450.0526.0580.0149997.91000
    2,680 134.0450.0526.0620.0149997.91000
    2,681 134.05450.0526.0660.0149997.91000
    2,682 134.1450.0526.070.0149997.91000
    2,683 134.15450.0526.0740.0149998.01000
    2,684 134.2450.0526.0780.0149998.01000
    2,685 134.25450.0526.0820.0149998.01000
    2,686 134.3450.0526.0860.0149998.01000
    2,687 134.35450.0526.090.0149998.01000
    2,688 134.4450.0526.0940.0149998.01000
    2,689 134.45450.0526.0980.0149998.01000
    2,690 134.5450.0526.1020.0149998.01000
    2,691 134.55450.0526.1070.0149998.01000
    2,692 134.6450.0526.1110.0149998.01000
    2,693 134.65450.0526.1150.0149998.01000
    2,694 134.7450.0526.1190.0149998.01000
    2,695 134.75450.0526.1230.0149998.11000
    2,696 134.8450.0526.1270.0149998.11000
    2,697 134.85450.0526.1310.0149998.11000
    2,698 134.9450.0526.1350.0149998.11000
    2,699 134.95450.0526.1390.0149998.11000
    2,700 135.0450.0526.1430.0149998.11000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →