Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,501–2,600 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,501 125.05450.0525.3340.0149995.61000
    2,502 125.1450.0525.3380.0149995.61000
    2,503 125.15450.0525.3420.0149995.71000
    2,504 125.2450.0525.3460.0149995.71000
    2,505 125.25450.0525.350.0149995.71000
    2,506 125.3450.0525.3540.0149995.71000
    2,507 125.35450.0525.3580.0149995.71000
    2,508 125.4450.0525.3620.0149995.81000
    2,509 125.45450.0525.3660.0149995.81000
    2,510 125.5450.0525.370.0149995.81000
    2,511 125.55450.0525.3740.0149995.81000
    2,512 125.6450.0525.3780.0149995.81000
    2,513 125.65450.0525.3820.0149995.81000
    2,514 125.7450.0525.3860.0149995.91000
    2,515 125.75450.0525.3910.0149995.91000
    2,516 125.8450.0525.3950.0149995.91000
    2,517 125.85450.0525.3990.0149995.91000
    2,518 125.9450.0525.4030.0149995.91000
    2,519 125.95450.0525.4070.0149995.91000
    2,520 126.0450.0525.4110.0149996.01000
    2,521 126.05450.0525.4150.0149996.01000
    2,522 126.1450.0525.4190.0149996.01000
    2,523 126.15450.0525.4230.0149996.01000
    2,524 126.2450.0525.4270.0149996.01000
    2,525 126.25450.0525.4310.0149996.01000
    2,526 126.3450.0525.4350.0149996.11000
    2,527 126.35450.0525.4390.0149996.11000
    2,528 126.4450.0525.4430.0149996.11000
    2,529 126.45450.0525.4470.0149996.11000
    2,530 126.5450.0525.4520.0149996.11000
    2,531 126.55450.0525.4560.0149996.11000
    2,532 126.6450.0525.460.0149996.21000
    2,533 126.65450.0525.4640.0149996.21000
    2,534 126.7450.0525.4680.0149996.21000
    2,535 126.75450.0525.4720.0149996.21000
    2,536 126.8450.0525.4760.0149996.21000
    2,537 126.85450.0525.480.0149996.21000
    2,538 126.9450.0525.4840.0149996.31000
    2,539 126.95450.0525.4880.0149996.31000
    2,540 127.0450.0525.4920.0149996.31000
    2,541 127.05450.0525.4960.0149996.31000
    2,542 127.1450.0525.50.0149996.31000
    2,543 127.15450.0525.5040.0149996.31000
    2,544 127.2450.0525.5090.0149996.31000
    2,545 127.25450.0525.5130.0149996.41000
    2,546 127.3450.0525.5170.0149996.41000
    2,547 127.35450.0525.5210.0149996.41000
    2,548 127.4450.0525.5250.0149996.41000
    2,549 127.45450.0525.5290.0149996.41000
    2,550 127.5450.0525.5330.0149996.41000
    2,551 127.55450.0525.5370.0149996.41000
    2,552 127.6450.0525.5410.0149996.51000
    2,553 127.65450.0525.5450.0149996.51000
    2,554 127.7450.0525.5490.0149996.51000
    2,555 127.75450.0525.5530.0149996.51000
    2,556 127.8450.0525.5570.0149996.51000
    2,557 127.85450.0525.5610.0149996.51000
    2,558 127.9450.0525.5650.0149996.61000
    2,559 127.95450.0525.570.0149996.61000
    2,560 128.0450.0525.5740.0149996.61000
    2,561 128.05450.0525.5780.0149996.61000
    2,562 128.1450.0525.5820.0149996.61000
    2,563 128.15450.0525.5860.0149996.61000
    2,564 128.2450.0525.590.0149996.61000
    2,565 128.25450.0525.5940.0149996.71000
    2,566 128.3450.0525.5980.0149996.71000
    2,567 128.35450.0525.6020.0149996.71000
    2,568 128.4450.0525.6060.0149996.71000
    2,569 128.45450.0525.610.0149996.71000
    2,570 128.5450.0525.6140.0149996.71000
    2,571 128.55450.0525.6180.0149996.71000
    2,572 128.6450.0525.6220.0149996.71000
    2,573 128.65450.0525.6260.0149996.81000
    2,574 128.7450.0525.6310.0149996.81000
    2,575 128.75450.0525.6350.0149996.81000
    2,576 128.8450.0525.6390.0149996.81000
    2,577 128.85450.0525.6430.0149996.81000
    2,578 128.9450.0525.6470.0149996.81000
    2,579 128.95450.0525.6510.0149996.81000
    2,580 129.0450.0525.6550.0149996.91000
    2,581 129.05450.0525.6590.0149996.91000
    2,582 129.1450.0525.6630.0149996.91000
    2,583 129.15450.0525.6670.0149996.91000
    2,584 129.2450.0525.6710.0149996.91000
    2,585 129.25450.0525.6750.0149996.91000
    2,586 129.3450.0525.6790.0149996.91000
    2,587 129.35450.0525.6830.0149996.91000
    2,588 129.4450.0525.6870.0149997.01000
    2,589 129.45450.0525.6920.0149997.01000
    2,590 129.5450.0525.6960.0149997.01000
    2,591 129.55450.0525.70.0149997.01000
    2,592 129.6450.0525.7040.0149997.01000
    2,593 129.65450.0525.7080.0149997.01000
    2,594 129.7450.0525.7120.0149997.01000
    2,595 129.75450.0525.7160.0149997.01000
    2,596 129.8450.0525.720.0149997.11000
    2,597 129.85450.0525.7240.0149997.11000
    2,598 129.9450.0525.7280.0149997.11000
    2,599 129.95450.0525.7320.0149997.11000
    2,600 130.0450.0525.7360.0149997.11000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →