Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,301–2,400 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,301 115.05450.0524.520.0149989.91000
    2,302 115.1450.0524.5240.0149990.01000
    2,303 115.15450.0524.5280.0149990.01000
    2,304 115.2450.0524.5320.0149990.01000
    2,305 115.25450.0524.5360.0149990.11000
    2,306 115.3450.0524.540.0149990.11000
    2,307 115.35450.0524.5440.0149990.21000
    2,308 115.4450.0524.5480.0149990.21000
    2,309 115.45450.0524.5530.0149990.21000
    2,310 115.5450.0524.5570.0149990.31000
    2,311 115.55450.0524.5610.0149990.31000
    2,312 115.6450.0524.5650.0149990.41000
    2,313 115.65450.0524.5690.0149990.41000
    2,314 115.7450.0524.5730.0149990.41000
    2,315 115.75450.0524.5770.0149990.51000
    2,316 115.8450.0524.5810.0149990.51000
    2,317 115.85450.0524.5850.0149990.61000
    2,318 115.9450.0524.5890.0149990.61000
    2,319 115.95450.0524.5930.0149990.61000
    2,320 116.0450.0524.5970.0149990.71000
    2,321 116.05450.0524.6010.0149990.71000
    2,322 116.1450.0524.6050.0149990.81000
    2,323 116.15450.0524.6090.0149990.81000
    2,324 116.2450.0524.6140.0149990.81000
    2,325 116.25450.0524.6180.0149990.91000
    2,326 116.3450.0524.6220.0149990.91000
    2,327 116.35450.0524.6260.0149991.01000
    2,328 116.4450.0524.630.0149991.01000
    2,329 116.45450.0524.6340.0149991.01000
    2,330 116.5450.0524.6380.0149991.11000
    2,331 116.55450.0524.6420.0149991.11000
    2,332 116.6450.0524.6460.0149991.11000
    2,333 116.65450.0524.650.0149991.21000
    2,334 116.7450.0524.6540.0149991.21000
    2,335 116.75450.0524.6580.0149991.31000
    2,336 116.8450.0524.6620.0149991.31000
    2,337 116.85450.0524.6660.0149991.31000
    2,338 116.9450.0524.670.0149991.41000
    2,339 116.95450.0524.6750.0149991.41000
    2,340 117.0450.0524.6790.0149991.41000
    2,341 117.05450.0524.6830.0149991.51000
    2,342 117.1450.0524.6870.0149991.51000
    2,343 117.15450.0524.6910.0149991.51000
    2,344 117.2450.0524.6950.0149991.61000
    2,345 117.25450.0524.6990.0149991.61000
    2,346 117.3450.0524.7030.0149991.61000
    2,347 117.35450.0524.7070.0149991.71000
    2,348 117.4450.0524.7110.0149991.71000
    2,349 117.45450.0524.7150.0149991.71000
    2,350 117.5450.0524.7190.0149991.81000
    2,351 117.55450.0524.7230.0149991.81000
    2,352 117.6450.0524.7270.0149991.91000
    2,353 117.65450.0524.7320.0149991.91000
    2,354 117.7450.0524.7360.0149991.91000
    2,355 117.75450.0524.740.0149992.01000
    2,356 117.8450.0524.7440.0149992.01000
    2,357 117.85450.0524.7480.0149992.01000
    2,358 117.9450.0524.7520.0149992.11000
    2,359 117.95450.0524.7560.0149992.11000
    2,360 118.0450.0524.760.0149992.11000
    2,361 118.05450.0524.7640.0149992.21000
    2,362 118.1450.0524.7680.0149992.21000
    2,363 118.15450.0524.7720.0149992.21000
    2,364 118.2450.0524.7760.0149992.21000
    2,365 118.25450.0524.780.0149992.31000
    2,366 118.3450.0524.7840.0149992.31000
    2,367 118.35450.0524.7880.0149992.31000
    2,368 118.4450.0524.7930.0149992.41000
    2,369 118.45450.0524.7970.0149992.41000
    2,370 118.5450.0524.8010.0149992.41000
    2,371 118.55450.0524.8050.0149992.51000
    2,372 118.6450.0524.8090.0149992.51000
    2,373 118.65450.0524.8130.0149992.51000
    2,374 118.7450.0524.8170.0149992.61000
    2,375 118.75450.0524.8210.0149992.61000
    2,376 118.8450.0524.8250.0149992.61000
    2,377 118.85450.0524.8290.0149992.71000
    2,378 118.9450.0524.8330.0149992.71000
    2,379 118.95450.0524.8370.0149992.71000
    2,380 119.0450.0524.8410.0149992.71000
    2,381 119.05450.0524.8450.0149992.81000
    2,382 119.1450.0524.8490.0149992.81000
    2,383 119.15450.0524.8540.0149992.81000
    2,384 119.2450.0524.8580.0149992.91000
    2,385 119.25450.0524.8620.0149992.91000
    2,386 119.3450.0524.8660.0149992.91000
    2,387 119.35450.0524.870.0149993.01000
    2,388 119.4450.0524.8740.0149993.01000
    2,389 119.45450.0524.8780.0149993.01000
    2,390 119.5450.0524.8820.0149993.01000
    2,391 119.55450.0524.8860.0149993.11000
    2,392 119.6450.0524.890.0149993.11000
    2,393 119.65450.0524.8940.0149993.11000
    2,394 119.7450.0524.8980.0149993.21000
    2,395 119.75450.0524.9020.0149993.21000
    2,396 119.8450.0524.9060.0149993.21000
    2,397 119.85450.0524.9110.0149993.21000
    2,398 119.9450.0524.9150.0149993.31000
    2,399 119.95450.0524.9190.0149993.31000
    2,400 120.0450.0524.9230.0149993.31000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →