Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    1–100 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    1 0.05450.0516.1310.0072625.01000
    2 0.1450.0516.1310.0051247.41000
    3 0.15450.0516.1310.00311867.21000
    4 0.2450.0516.1320.00172484.41000
    5 0.25450.0516.1320.00063099.11000
    6 0.3450.0516.1320.03711.21000
    7 0.35450.0516.1320.04320.71000
    8 0.4450.0516.1320.04927.71000
    9 0.45450.0516.1320.05532.21000
    10 0.5450.0516.1320.06134.11000
    11 0.55450.0516.1320.06733.51000
    12 0.6450.0516.1330.07330.51000
    13 0.65450.0516.1330.07924.91000
    14 0.7450.0516.1330.08516.91000
    15 0.75450.0516.1330.09106.41000
    16 0.8450.0516.1340.09693.51000
    17 0.85450.0516.1340.010278.11000
    18 0.9450.0516.1340.010860.31000
    19 0.95450.0516.1350.011440.01000
    20 1.0450.0516.1350.012017.41000
    21 1.05450.0516.1350.012592.31000
    22 1.1450.0516.1360.013164.81000
    23 1.15450.0516.1360.013735.01000
    24 1.2450.0516.1360.014302.71000
    25 1.25450.0516.1370.014868.11000
    26 1.3450.0516.1370.015431.21000
    27 1.35450.0516.1380.015991.91000
    28 1.4450.0516.1380.016550.31000
    29 1.45450.0516.1380.017106.31000
    30 1.5450.0516.1390.017660.01000
    31 1.55450.0516.1390.018211.41000
    32 1.6450.0516.140.018760.61000
    33 1.65450.0516.140.019307.41000
    34 1.7450.0516.1410.019851.91000
    35 1.75450.0516.1420.020394.21000
    36 1.8450.0516.1420.020934.31000
    37 1.85450.0516.1430.021472.01000
    38 1.9450.0516.1430.022007.61000
    39 1.95450.0516.1440.022540.91000
    40 2.0450.0516.1450.023071.91000
    41 2.05450.0516.1450.023600.81000
    42 2.1450.0516.1460.024127.51000
    43 2.15450.0516.1470.024651.91000
    44 2.2450.0516.1470.025174.21000
    45 2.25450.0516.1480.025694.31000
    46 2.3450.0516.1490.026212.31000
    47 2.35450.0516.1490.026728.11000
    48 2.4450.0516.150.027241.71000
    49 2.45450.0516.1510.027753.21000
    50 2.5450.0516.1520.028262.51000
    51 2.55450.0516.1520.028769.81000
    52 2.6450.0516.1530.029274.91000
    53 2.65450.0516.1540.029777.91000
    54 2.7450.0516.1550.030278.91000
    55 2.75450.0516.1560.030777.71000
    56 2.8450.0516.1560.031274.51000
    57 2.85450.0516.1570.031769.11000
    58 2.9450.0516.1580.032261.81000
    59 2.95450.0516.1590.032752.31000
    60 3.0450.0516.160.033240.91000
    61 3.05450.0516.1610.033727.41000
    62 3.1450.0516.1620.034211.81000
    63 3.15450.0516.1630.034694.31000
    64 3.2450.0516.1640.035174.71000
    65 3.25450.0516.1650.035653.21000
    66 3.3450.0516.1660.036129.61000
    67 3.35450.0516.1670.036604.11000
    68 3.4450.0516.1680.037076.61000
    69 3.45450.0516.1690.037547.11000
    70 3.5450.0516.170.038015.61000
    71 3.55450.0516.1710.038482.21000
    72 3.6450.0516.1720.038946.91000
    73 3.65450.0516.1730.039409.61000
    74 3.7450.0516.1740.039870.41000
    75 3.75450.0516.1750.040329.31000
    76 3.8450.0516.1760.040786.21000
    77 3.85450.0516.1770.041241.31000
    78 3.9450.0516.1780.041694.51000
    79 3.95450.0516.180.042145.71000
    80 4.0450.0516.1810.042595.11000
    81 4.05450.0516.1820.043042.61000
    82 4.1450.0516.1830.043488.31000
    83 4.15450.0516.1840.043932.11000
    84 4.2450.0516.1850.044374.01000
    85 4.25450.0516.1870.044814.21000
    86 4.3450.0516.1880.045252.41000
    87 4.35450.0516.1890.045688.91000
    88 4.4450.0516.190.046123.51000
    89 4.45450.0516.1920.046556.31000
    90 4.5450.0516.1930.046987.31000
    91 4.55450.0516.1940.047416.61000
    92 4.6450.0516.1960.047844.01000
    93 4.65450.0516.1970.048269.61000
    94 4.7450.0516.1980.048693.51000
    95 4.75450.0516.20.049115.61000
    96 4.8450.0516.2010.049536.01000
    97 4.85450.0516.2020.049954.61000
    98 4.9450.0516.2040.050371.41000
    99 4.95450.0516.2050.050786.61000
    100 5.0450.0516.2060.051199.91000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →