19 entries

Sources & standards

The standards, methods, equations and constants on which the explanation of the thesis relies — with the chapters and figures in which they occur.

What this page is — and is not

Named in the text; the complete bibliographic details are in the thesis itself (under embargo) and are not reproduced here.

This overview names only what appears in the content of this explanation: designations of standards, methods and equations. Authors, editions and years are not given here because they do not appear in the chapters. Where a constant appears in a figure without an origin, the note reads “Source in the thesis”.

Access to the thesis: Notes on the embargo and access.

Standards and guidelines

  • VDI 2206

    Named in the text

    Guideline for the development of mechatronic systems (V-model). The thesis follows it in its procedure; every design step is assigned a verification.

    Chapters Chapter 2 Chapter 3

    Figures Fig. 15

    Glossary Term explained

  • DIN EN ISO 23247

    Named in the text

    Set of rules that describes the digital twin in manufacturing; part of the normative framework in Chapter 3.

    Chapters Chapter 3

    Glossary Term explained

  • IEC 61131

    Named in the text

    Set of rules that stands for the programmable logic controller itself; part of the normative framework in Chapter 3.

    Chapters Chapter 3

    Glossary Term explained

  • DIN EN 60617

    Named in a figure only

    Graphical symbols. Named in the caption of the circuit diagram (Fig. 13); also used in the signal-path figures (Fig. 14a, 14b).

    Figures Fig. 13 Fig. 14a Fig. 14b

    Glossary Term explained

  • DIN EN (IEC) 81346-2

    Named in a figure only

    Identification of equipment. Named in the caption of the circuit diagram (Fig. 13, there as DIN EN IEC 81346-2) and in the forward signal path (Fig. 14a, there as DIN EN 81346-2).

    Figures Fig. 13 Fig. 14a

    Glossary Term explained

  • DIN EN 50005

    Named in a figure only

    Terminals. Named in the caption of the circuit diagram (Fig. 13).

    Figures Fig. 13

    Glossary Term explained

Methods, laws and equations

  • Explicit Euler method

    Named in the text

    Time discretization of the coupled model equations with Δt = 50 ms; checked against the analytical solution in Chapter 10.

    Chapters Chapter 8 Chapter 10

    Figures Fig. 11b

    Glossary Term explained

  • Antoine equation

    Named in the text

    Calculation of the saturation pressure from the temperature (Fig. 10). The constants appear only in the figure; this website does not state their origin.

    Source in the thesis

    Chapters Chapter 8

    Figures Fig. 10

    Glossary Term explained

  • Dalton’s law

    Named in the text

    The pressure in the headspace results from adding the partial pressures of steam and air (Fig. 11b).

    Chapters Chapter 8

    Figures Fig. 11b

    Glossary Term explained

  • Ideal gas equation

    Named in the text

    Relation between mass, gas constant, temperature and pressure for steam and air in the headspace (Chapter 8).

    Chapters Chapter 8

    Figures Fig. 11b

    Glossary Term explained

  • PT1 element (first-order lag)

    Named in the text

    Model of the heating element with τ = 12 s (Fig. 8); the analytical PT1 solution serves in scenario 2 as the reference.

    Chapters Chapter 8 Chapter 10

    Figures Fig. 8 Test plot 2

    Glossary Term explained

  • Stability criterion Δt/τ < 2

    Named in the text

    Condition for the stability of the explicit Euler method for the PT1 element (Chapter 8). The text names no source.

    Source in the thesis

    Chapters Chapter 8

    Figures Fig. 11b Fig. 11

    Glossary Term explained

Reference model and protocols

  • ISO/OSI reference model

    Named in the text

    Layered model into which the coupling is classified (Fig. 12).

    Chapters Chapter 3

    Figures Fig. 12

    Glossary Term explained

  • MQTT

    Named in the text

    Protocol of the rejected approach 1 of the concept decision (Chapter 5); described as an industry standard.

    Chapters Chapter 5

    Glossary Term explained

Constants and model parameters in figures

  • Specific heat capacity of water c_w = 4180 J/(kg·K)

    Named in the text

    Value in the text of Chapter 8 (water temperature from energy and mass). Source of the value: in the thesis.

    Source in the thesis

    Chapters Chapter 8

  • Gas constants of steam and air

    Named in a figure only

    Values for R_s and R_a in the pressure calculation (Fig. 11b). Source of the values: in the thesis.

    Source in the thesis

    Figures Fig. 11b

  • Inflow and outflow parameters (FEED, K_out)

    Model parameter

    Parameters of the water mass balance (Fig. 11b). The content of this website names no source for them; they are model parameters of the thesis.

    Source in the thesis

    Figures Fig. 11b

Own sources of the thesis