Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,101–2,200 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,101 105.05450.0523.7060.0149976.81000
    2,102 105.1450.0523.7110.0149976.91000
    2,103 105.15450.0523.7150.0149977.01000
    2,104 105.2450.0523.7190.0149977.01000
    2,105 105.25450.0523.7230.0149977.11000
    2,106 105.3450.0523.7270.0149977.21000
    2,107 105.35450.0523.7310.0149977.31000
    2,108 105.4450.0523.7350.0149977.41000
    2,109 105.45450.0523.7390.0149977.51000
    2,110 105.5450.0523.7430.0149977.61000
    2,111 105.55450.0523.7470.0149977.71000
    2,112 105.6450.0523.7510.0149977.81000
    2,113 105.65450.0523.7550.0149977.91000
    2,114 105.7450.0523.7590.0149978.01000
    2,115 105.75450.0523.7630.0149978.11000
    2,116 105.8450.0523.7670.0149978.21000
    2,117 105.85450.0523.7720.0149978.31000
    2,118 105.9450.0523.7760.0149978.41000
    2,119 105.95450.0523.780.0149978.41000
    2,120 106.0450.0523.7840.0149978.51000
    2,121 106.05450.0523.7880.0149978.61000
    2,122 106.1450.0523.7920.0149978.71000
    2,123 106.15450.0523.7960.0149978.81000
    2,124 106.2450.0523.80.0149978.91000
    2,125 106.25450.0523.8040.0149979.01000
    2,126 106.3450.0523.8080.0149979.11000
    2,127 106.35450.0523.8120.0149979.11000
    2,128 106.4450.0523.8160.0149979.21000
    2,129 106.45450.0523.820.0149979.31000
    2,130 106.5450.0523.8240.0149979.41000
    2,131 106.55450.0523.8280.0149979.51000
    2,132 106.6450.0523.8330.0149979.61000
    2,133 106.65450.0523.8370.0149979.71000
    2,134 106.7450.0523.8410.0149979.81000
    2,135 106.75450.0523.8450.0149979.81000
    2,136 106.8450.0523.8490.0149979.91000
    2,137 106.85450.0523.8530.0149980.01000
    2,138 106.9450.0523.8570.0149980.11000
    2,139 106.95450.0523.8610.0149980.21000
    2,140 107.0450.0523.8650.0149980.31000
    2,141 107.05450.0523.8690.0149980.31000
    2,142 107.1450.0523.8730.0149980.41000
    2,143 107.15450.0523.8770.0149980.51000
    2,144 107.2450.0523.8810.0149980.61000
    2,145 107.25450.0523.8850.0149980.71000
    2,146 107.3450.0523.8890.0149980.71000
    2,147 107.35450.0523.8940.0149980.81000
    2,148 107.4450.0523.8980.0149980.91000
    2,149 107.45450.0523.9020.0149981.01000
    2,150 107.5450.0523.9060.0149981.11000
    2,151 107.55450.0523.910.0149981.11000
    2,152 107.6450.0523.9140.0149981.21000
    2,153 107.65450.0523.9180.0149981.31000
    2,154 107.7450.0523.9220.0149981.41000
    2,155 107.75450.0523.9260.0149981.51000
    2,156 107.8450.0523.930.0149981.51000
    2,157 107.85450.0523.9340.0149981.61000
    2,158 107.9450.0523.9380.0149981.71000
    2,159 107.95450.0523.9420.0149981.81000
    2,160 108.0450.0523.9460.0149981.81000
    2,161 108.05450.0523.950.0149981.91000
    2,162 108.1450.0523.9550.0149982.01000
    2,163 108.15450.0523.9590.0149982.11000
    2,164 108.2450.0523.9630.0149982.11000
    2,165 108.25450.0523.9670.0149982.21000
    2,166 108.3450.0523.9710.0149982.31000
    2,167 108.35450.0523.9750.0149982.41000
    2,168 108.4450.0523.9790.0149982.41000
    2,169 108.45450.0523.9830.0149982.51000
    2,170 108.5450.0523.9870.0149982.61000
    2,171 108.55450.0523.9910.0149982.61000
    2,172 108.6450.0523.9950.0149982.71000
    2,173 108.65450.0523.9990.0149982.81000
    2,174 108.7450.0524.0030.0149982.91000
    2,175 108.75450.0524.0070.0149982.91000
    2,176 108.8450.0524.0120.0149983.01000
    2,177 108.85450.0524.0160.0149983.11000
    2,178 108.9450.0524.020.0149983.11000
    2,179 108.95450.0524.0240.0149983.21000
    2,180 109.0450.0524.0280.0149983.31000
    2,181 109.05450.0524.0320.0149983.41000
    2,182 109.1450.0524.0360.0149983.41000
    2,183 109.15450.0524.040.0149983.51000
    2,184 109.2450.0524.0440.0149983.61000
    2,185 109.25450.0524.0480.0149983.61000
    2,186 109.3450.0524.0520.0149983.71000
    2,187 109.35450.0524.0560.0149983.81000
    2,188 109.4450.0524.060.0149983.81000
    2,189 109.45450.0524.0640.0149983.91000
    2,190 109.5450.0524.0680.0149984.01000
    2,191 109.55450.0524.0730.0149984.01000
    2,192 109.6450.0524.0770.0149984.11000
    2,193 109.65450.0524.0810.0149984.21000
    2,194 109.7450.0524.0850.0149984.21000
    2,195 109.75450.0524.0890.0149984.31000
    2,196 109.8450.0524.0930.0149984.41000
    2,197 109.85450.0524.0970.0149984.41000
    2,198 109.9450.0524.1010.0149984.51000
    2,199 109.95450.0524.1050.0149984.61000
    2,200 110.0450.0524.1090.0149984.61000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →