Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    1,901–2,000 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    1,901 95.05450.0522.8930.0149946.41000
    1,902 95.1450.0522.8970.0149946.71000
    1,903 95.15450.0522.9010.0149946.91000
    1,904 95.2450.0522.9050.0149947.11000
    1,905 95.25450.0522.9090.0149947.31000
    1,906 95.3450.0522.9130.0149947.51000
    1,907 95.35450.0522.9170.0149947.81000
    1,908 95.4450.0522.9210.0149948.01000
    1,909 95.45450.0522.9260.0149948.21000
    1,910 95.5450.0522.930.0149948.41000
    1,911 95.55450.0522.9340.0149948.61000
    1,912 95.6450.0522.9380.0149948.81000
    1,913 95.65450.0522.9420.0149949.01000
    1,914 95.7450.0522.9460.0149949.31000
    1,915 95.75450.0522.950.0149949.51000
    1,916 95.8450.0522.9540.0149949.71000
    1,917 95.85450.0522.9580.0149949.91000
    1,918 95.9450.0522.9620.0149950.11000
    1,919 95.95450.0522.9660.0149950.31000
    1,920 96.0450.0522.970.0149950.51000
    1,921 96.05450.0522.9740.0149950.71000
    1,922 96.1450.0522.9780.0149950.91000
    1,923 96.15450.0522.9820.0149951.11000
    1,924 96.2450.0522.9870.0149951.31000
    1,925 96.25450.0522.9910.0149951.51000
    1,926 96.3450.0522.9950.0149951.71000
    1,927 96.35450.0522.9990.0149951.91000
    1,928 96.4450.0523.0030.0149952.11000
    1,929 96.45450.0523.0070.0149952.31000
    1,930 96.5450.0523.0110.0149952.51000
    1,931 96.55450.0523.0150.0149952.71000
    1,932 96.6450.0523.0190.0149952.91000
    1,933 96.65450.0523.0230.0149953.11000
    1,934 96.7450.0523.0270.0149953.31000
    1,935 96.75450.0523.0310.0149953.51000
    1,936 96.8450.0523.0350.0149953.71000
    1,937 96.85450.0523.0390.0149953.91000
    1,938 96.9450.0523.0430.0149954.11000
    1,939 96.95450.0523.0480.0149954.31000
    1,940 97.0450.0523.0520.0149954.51000
    1,941 97.05450.0523.0560.0149954.71000
    1,942 97.1450.0523.060.0149954.91000
    1,943 97.15450.0523.0640.0149955.01000
    1,944 97.2450.0523.0680.0149955.21000
    1,945 97.25450.0523.0720.0149955.41000
    1,946 97.3450.0523.0760.0149955.61000
    1,947 97.35450.0523.080.0149955.81000
    1,948 97.4450.0523.0840.0149956.01000
    1,949 97.45450.0523.0880.0149956.21000
    1,950 97.5450.0523.0920.0149956.31000
    1,951 97.55450.0523.0960.0149956.51000
    1,952 97.6450.0523.10.0149956.71000
    1,953 97.65450.0523.1040.0149956.91000
    1,954 97.7450.0523.1090.0149957.11000
    1,955 97.75450.0523.1130.0149957.21000
    1,956 97.8450.0523.1170.0149957.41000
    1,957 97.85450.0523.1210.0149957.61000
    1,958 97.9450.0523.1250.0149957.81000
    1,959 97.95450.0523.1290.0149958.01000
    1,960 98.0450.0523.1330.0149958.11000
    1,961 98.05450.0523.1370.0149958.31000
    1,962 98.1450.0523.1410.0149958.51000
    1,963 98.15450.0523.1450.0149958.61000
    1,964 98.2450.0523.1490.0149958.81000
    1,965 98.25450.0523.1530.0149959.01000
    1,966 98.3450.0523.1570.0149959.21000
    1,967 98.35450.0523.1610.0149959.31000
    1,968 98.4450.0523.1650.0149959.51000
    1,969 98.45450.0523.170.0149959.71000
    1,970 98.5450.0523.1740.0149959.81000
    1,971 98.55450.0523.1780.0149960.01000
    1,972 98.6450.0523.1820.0149960.21000
    1,973 98.65450.0523.1860.0149960.31000
    1,974 98.7450.0523.190.0149960.51000
    1,975 98.75450.0523.1940.0149960.71000
    1,976 98.8450.0523.1980.0149960.81000
    1,977 98.85450.0523.2020.0149961.01000
    1,978 98.9450.0523.2060.0149961.21000
    1,979 98.95450.0523.210.0149961.31000
    1,980 99.0450.0523.2140.0149961.51000
    1,981 99.05450.0523.2180.0149961.61000
    1,982 99.1450.0523.2220.0149961.81000
    1,983 99.15450.0523.2260.0149962.01000
    1,984 99.2450.0523.2310.0149962.11000
    1,985 99.25450.0523.2350.0149962.31000
    1,986 99.3450.0523.2390.0149962.41000
    1,987 99.35450.0523.2430.0149962.61000
    1,988 99.4450.0523.2470.0149962.71000
    1,989 99.45450.0523.2510.0149962.91000
    1,990 99.5450.0523.2550.0149963.11000
    1,991 99.55450.0523.2590.0149963.21000
    1,992 99.6450.0523.2630.0149963.41000
    1,993 99.65450.0523.2670.0149963.51000
    1,994 99.7450.0523.2710.0149963.71000
    1,995 99.75450.0523.2750.0149963.81000
    1,996 99.8450.0523.2790.0149964.01000
    1,997 99.85450.0523.2830.0149964.11000
    1,998 99.9450.0523.2880.0149964.31000
    1,999 99.95450.0523.2920.0149964.41000
    2,000 100.0450.0523.2960.0149964.61000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →