Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour

Step to 150 kW heating power, time constant 12 s. Reaches 63.3 % at t = τ and 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation from the analytical solution 0.040 %.

Scenario
2 Heating
Expectation (criterion)
heating rate 0.0814 K/s; PT1 63.2 % at τ, 95.0 % at 3τ
Measurement
63.3 % at τ, 95.1 % at 3τ; mean deviation 0.040 % of maximum power
Result
passed
Rows
6,000
Time range
0.05–300.00 s
Time step
Δt = 0.05 s
Columns
9
Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

    Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

    Column description

    Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

    Columns of the series — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No.Column (CSV header) UnitTypeMeaning
    1 Zeit (s) s Time axis Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
    2 Füllstand (l) l Process variable Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
    3 Temperatur (°C) °C Process variable Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
    4 Druck (bar) bar Process variable Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
    5 Heizleistung (W) W Process variable Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
    6 B1 Füllstand max — Sensor bit (0/1) Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
    7 B2 Füllstand min — Sensor bit (0/1) Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
    8 B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C — Sensor bit (0/1) Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
    9 B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar — Sensor bit (0/1) Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

    Statistics of the series

    All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

    6,000Rows (calculation steps)
    300.00stime covered
    0.05sTime step Δt
    8recorded quantities
    Statistics per process variable — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    QuantityUnit CountMinimum MaximumMean First valueLast value
    Füllstand l 6,000 450.05constant 450.05 450.050 450.05 450.05
    Temperatur °C 6,000 16.131t = 0.05 s 39.568t = 300.00 s 27.4043 16.131 39.568
    Druck bar 6,000 0.0000t = 0.30 s 0.0072t = 0.05 s 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000
    Heizleistung W 6,000 625.0t = 0.05 s 150,000.0t = 178.60 s 144,025.00 625.0 150,000.0

    Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

    Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    Sensor bit Rows with 1 Share first 1 at then 0 again at Changes
    B1 Füllstand max 6,000 100.000 % 0.05 sfirst row — 0
    B2 Füllstand min 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C 0 0.000 % — — 0
    B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar 0 0.000 % — — 0

    1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

    Values

    All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

    2,401–2,500 of 6,000 rows Download CSV
    Values — Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour
    No. Zeit (s) Füllstand (l) Temperatur (°C) Druck (bar) Heizleistung (W) B1 Füllstand max B2 Füllstand min B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar
    2,401 120.05450.0524.9270.0149993.41000
    2,402 120.1450.0524.9310.0149993.41000
    2,403 120.15450.0524.9350.0149993.41000
    2,404 120.2450.0524.9390.0149993.41000
    2,405 120.25450.0524.9430.0149993.51000
    2,406 120.3450.0524.9470.0149993.51000
    2,407 120.35450.0524.9510.0149993.51000
    2,408 120.4450.0524.9550.0149993.51000
    2,409 120.45450.0524.9590.0149993.61000
    2,410 120.5450.0524.9630.0149993.61000
    2,411 120.55450.0524.9670.0149993.61000
    2,412 120.6450.0524.9720.0149993.71000
    2,413 120.65450.0524.9760.0149993.71000
    2,414 120.7450.0524.980.0149993.71000
    2,415 120.75450.0524.9840.0149993.71000
    2,416 120.8450.0524.9880.0149993.81000
    2,417 120.85450.0524.9920.0149993.81000
    2,418 120.9450.0524.9960.0149993.81000
    2,419 120.95450.0525.00.0149993.81000
    2,420 121.0450.0525.0040.0149993.91000
    2,421 121.05450.0525.0080.0149993.91000
    2,422 121.1450.0525.0120.0149993.91000
    2,423 121.15450.0525.0160.0149993.91000
    2,424 121.2450.0525.020.0149994.01000
    2,425 121.25450.0525.0240.0149994.01000
    2,426 121.3450.0525.0280.0149994.01000
    2,427 121.35450.0525.0330.0149994.01000
    2,428 121.4450.0525.0370.0149994.11000
    2,429 121.45450.0525.0410.0149994.11000
    2,430 121.5450.0525.0450.0149994.11000
    2,431 121.55450.0525.0490.0149994.11000
    2,432 121.6450.0525.0530.0149994.21000
    2,433 121.65450.0525.0570.0149994.21000
    2,434 121.7450.0525.0610.0149994.21000
    2,435 121.75450.0525.0650.0149994.21000
    2,436 121.8450.0525.0690.0149994.31000
    2,437 121.85450.0525.0730.0149994.31000
    2,438 121.9450.0525.0770.0149994.31000
    2,439 121.95450.0525.0810.0149994.31000
    2,440 122.0450.0525.0850.0149994.41000
    2,441 122.05450.0525.0890.0149994.41000
    2,442 122.1450.0525.0940.0149994.41000
    2,443 122.15450.0525.0980.0149994.41000
    2,444 122.2450.0525.1020.0149994.51000
    2,445 122.25450.0525.1060.0149994.51000
    2,446 122.3450.0525.110.0149994.51000
    2,447 122.35450.0525.1140.0149994.51000
    2,448 122.4450.0525.1180.0149994.51000
    2,449 122.45450.0525.1220.0149994.61000
    2,450 122.5450.0525.1260.0149994.61000
    2,451 122.55450.0525.130.0149994.61000
    2,452 122.6450.0525.1340.0149994.61000
    2,453 122.65450.0525.1380.0149994.71000
    2,454 122.7450.0525.1420.0149994.71000
    2,455 122.75450.0525.1460.0149994.71000
    2,456 122.8450.0525.1510.0149994.71000
    2,457 122.85450.0525.1550.0149994.71000
    2,458 122.9450.0525.1590.0149994.81000
    2,459 122.95450.0525.1630.0149994.81000
    2,460 123.0450.0525.1670.0149994.81000
    2,461 123.05450.0525.1710.0149994.81000
    2,462 123.1450.0525.1750.0149994.91000
    2,463 123.15450.0525.1790.0149994.91000
    2,464 123.2450.0525.1830.0149994.91000
    2,465 123.25450.0525.1870.0149994.91000
    2,466 123.3450.0525.1910.0149994.91000
    2,467 123.35450.0525.1950.0149995.01000
    2,468 123.4450.0525.1990.0149995.01000
    2,469 123.45450.0525.2030.0149995.01000
    2,470 123.5450.0525.2070.0149995.01000
    2,471 123.55450.0525.2120.0149995.01000
    2,472 123.6450.0525.2160.0149995.11000
    2,473 123.65450.0525.220.0149995.11000
    2,474 123.7450.0525.2240.0149995.11000
    2,475 123.75450.0525.2280.0149995.11000
    2,476 123.8450.0525.2320.0149995.11000
    2,477 123.85450.0525.2360.0149995.21000
    2,478 123.9450.0525.240.0149995.21000
    2,479 123.95450.0525.2440.0149995.21000
    2,480 124.0450.0525.2480.0149995.21000
    2,481 124.05450.0525.2520.0149995.21000
    2,482 124.1450.0525.2560.0149995.31000
    2,483 124.15450.0525.260.0149995.31000
    2,484 124.2450.0525.2640.0149995.31000
    2,485 124.25450.0525.2680.0149995.31000
    2,486 124.3450.0525.2730.0149995.31000
    2,487 124.35450.0525.2770.0149995.41000
    2,488 124.4450.0525.2810.0149995.41000
    2,489 124.45450.0525.2850.0149995.41000
    2,490 124.5450.0525.2890.0149995.41000
    2,491 124.55450.0525.2930.0149995.41000
    2,492 124.6450.0525.2970.0149995.51000
    2,493 124.65450.0525.3010.0149995.51000
    2,494 124.7450.0525.3050.0149995.51000
    2,495 124.75450.0525.3090.0149995.51000
    2,496 124.8450.0525.3130.0149995.51000
    2,497 124.85450.0525.3170.0149995.61000
    2,498 124.9450.0525.3210.0149995.61000
    2,499 124.95450.0525.3250.0149995.61000
    2,500 125.0450.0525.330.0149995.61000

    Source and citation

    Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

    How to cite

    Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour“ (6,000 rows, time 0.05–300.00 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-2-heizen (accessed 2026-09-30).

    Limits of this data
    • Classification (chapter 10): The deviations are compatible with the discretisation error of the Euler method.
    • Limit: The expectation uses the same parameters (τ = 12 s, 150 kW); what is tested is the implementation of the equations, not their agreement with a real heating element.
    • The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
    • Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

    More datasets

    16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 25,809 rows · 9 columns Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →