Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,501–25,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,501	1575.05	406.28	100.602	0.0	150000.0	1
25,502	1575.1	406.27	100.601	0.0	150000.0	1
25,503	1575.15	406.27	100.601	0.0	150000.0	1
25,504	1575.2	406.26	100.6	0.0	150000.0	1
25,505	1575.25	406.26	100.599	0.0	150000.0	1
25,506	1575.3	406.25	100.598	0.0727	150000.0	1
25,507	1575.35	406.25	100.603	0.0	150000.0	1
25,508	1575.4	406.25	100.602	0.0	150000.0	1
25,509	1575.45	406.24	100.601	0.0	150000.0	1
25,510	1575.5	406.24	100.6	0.0	150000.0	1
25,511	1575.55	406.23	100.599	0.0	150000.0	1
25,512	1575.6	406.23	100.598	0.0	150000.0	1
25,513	1575.65	406.22	100.598	0.0	150000.0	1
25,514	1575.7	406.22	100.597	0.0	150000.0	1
25,515	1575.75	406.22	100.596	0.0	150000.0	1
25,516	1575.8	406.21	100.595	0.0	150000.0	1
25,517	1575.85	406.21	100.594	0.0	150000.0	1
25,518	1575.9	406.2	100.594	0.0829	150000.0	1
25,519	1575.95	406.2	100.598	0.0	150000.0	1
25,520	1576.0	406.2	100.597	0.0	150000.0	1
25,521	1576.05	406.19	100.596	0.0	150000.0	1
25,522	1576.1	406.19	100.596	0.0	150000.0	1
25,523	1576.15	406.18	100.595	0.0	150000.0	1
25,524	1576.2	406.18	100.594	0.0	150000.0	1
25,525	1576.25	406.17	100.593	0.0	150000.0	1
25,526	1576.3	406.17	100.592	0.0	150000.0	1
25,527	1576.35	406.16	100.592	0.0	150000.0	1
25,528	1576.4	406.16	100.591	0.0	150000.0	1
25,529	1576.45	406.15	100.59	0.0	150000.0	1
25,530	1576.5	406.15	100.589	0.0811	150000.0	1
25,531	1576.55	406.15	100.594	0.0	150000.0	1
25,532	1576.6	406.14	100.593	0.0	150000.0	1
25,533	1576.65	406.14	100.592	0.0	150000.0	1
25,534	1576.7	406.13	100.591	0.0	150000.0	1
25,535	1576.75	406.13	100.59	0.0	150000.0	1
25,536	1576.8	406.12	100.59	0.0	150000.0	1
25,537	1576.85	406.12	100.589	0.0	150000.0	1
25,538	1576.9	406.11	100.588	0.0	150000.0	1
25,539	1576.95	406.11	100.587	0.0	150000.0	1
25,540	1577.0	406.1	100.586	0.0	150000.0	1
25,541	1577.05	406.1	100.586	0.0	150000.0	1
25,542	1577.1	406.09	100.585	0.0781	150000.0	1
25,543	1577.15	406.09	100.589	0.0	150000.0	1
25,544	1577.2	406.09	100.589	0.0	150000.0	1
25,545	1577.25	406.08	100.588	0.0	150000.0	1
25,546	1577.3	406.08	100.587	0.0	150000.0	1
25,547	1577.35	406.07	100.586	0.0	150000.0	1
25,548	1577.4	406.07	100.585	0.0	150000.0	1
25,549	1577.45	406.06	100.585	0.0	150000.0	1
25,550	1577.5	406.06	100.584	0.0	150000.0	1
25,551	1577.55	406.05	100.583	0.0	150000.0	1
25,552	1577.6	406.05	100.582	0.0	150000.0	1
25,553	1577.65	406.04	100.581	0.0	150000.0	1
25,554	1577.7	406.04	100.581	0.0751	150000.0	1
25,555	1577.75	406.04	100.585	0.0	150000.0	1
25,556	1577.8	406.03	100.584	0.0	150000.0	1
25,557	1577.85	406.03	100.584	0.0	150000.0	1
25,558	1577.9	406.02	100.583	0.0	150000.0	1
25,559	1577.95	406.02	100.582	0.0	150000.0	1
25,560	1578.0	406.01	100.581	0.0	150000.0	1
25,561	1578.05	406.01	100.581	0.0	150000.0	1
25,562	1578.1	406.0	100.58	0.0	150000.0	1
25,563	1578.15	406.0	100.579	0.0	150000.0	1
25,564	1578.2	405.99	100.578	0.0	150000.0	1
25,565	1578.25	405.99	100.577	0.0	150000.0	1
25,566	1578.3	405.98	100.577	0.0722	150000.0	1
25,567	1578.35	405.98	100.581	0.0	150000.0	1
25,568	1578.4	405.98	100.58	0.0	150000.0	1
25,569	1578.45	405.97	100.58	0.0	150000.0	1
25,570	1578.5	405.97	100.579	0.0	150000.0	1
25,571	1578.55	405.97	100.578	0.0	150000.0	1
25,572	1578.6	405.96	100.577	0.0	150000.0	1
25,573	1578.65	405.96	100.577	0.0	150000.0	1
25,574	1578.7	405.95	100.576	0.0	150000.0	1
25,575	1578.75	405.95	100.575	0.0	150000.0	1
25,576	1578.8	405.94	100.574	0.0	150000.0	1
25,577	1578.85	405.94	100.574	0.0	150000.0	1
25,578	1578.9	405.93	100.573	0.0693	150000.0	1
25,579	1578.95	405.93	100.577	0.0	150000.0	1
25,580	1579.0	405.93	100.577	0.0	150000.0	1
25,581	1579.05	405.92	100.576	0.0	150000.0	1
25,582	1579.1	405.92	100.575	0.0	150000.0	1
25,583	1579.15	405.91	100.574	0.0	150000.0	1
25,584	1579.2	405.91	100.573	0.0	150000.0	1
25,585	1579.25	405.9	100.573	0.0	150000.0	1
25,586	1579.3	405.9	100.572	0.0	150000.0	1
25,587	1579.35	405.89	100.571	0.0	150000.0	1
25,588	1579.4	405.89	100.57	0.0	150000.0	1
25,589	1579.45	405.88	100.57	0.0	150000.0	1
25,590	1579.5	405.88	100.569	0.0666	150000.0	1
25,591	1579.55	405.88	100.573	0.0	150000.0	1
25,592	1579.6	405.87	100.573	0.0	150000.0	1
25,593	1579.65	405.87	100.572	0.0	150000.0	1
25,594	1579.7	405.86	100.571	0.0	150000.0	1
25,595	1579.75	405.86	100.57	0.0	150000.0	1
25,596	1579.8	405.85	100.57	0.0	150000.0	1
25,597	1579.85	405.85	100.569	0.0	150000.0	1
25,598	1579.9	405.84	100.568	0.0	150000.0	1
25,599	1579.95	405.84	100.567	0.0	150000.0	1
25,600	1580.0	405.83	100.567	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →