Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,601–25,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,601	1580.05	405.83	100.566	0.0	150000.0	1
25,602	1580.1	405.82	100.565	0.0638	150000.0	1
25,603	1580.15	405.82	100.57	0.0	150000.0	1
25,604	1580.2	405.82	100.569	0.0	150000.0	1
25,605	1580.25	405.81	100.568	0.0	150000.0	1
25,606	1580.3	405.81	100.568	0.0	150000.0	1
25,607	1580.35	405.8	100.567	0.0	150000.0	1
25,608	1580.4	405.8	100.566	0.0	150000.0	1
25,609	1580.45	405.79	100.565	0.0	150000.0	1
25,610	1580.5	405.79	100.565	0.0	150000.0	1
25,611	1580.55	405.79	100.564	0.0	150000.0	1
25,612	1580.6	405.78	100.563	0.0	150000.0	1
25,613	1580.65	405.78	100.562	0.0	150000.0	1
25,614	1580.7	405.77	100.562	0.0612	150000.0	1
25,615	1580.75	405.77	100.566	0.0	150000.0	1
25,616	1580.8	405.77	100.565	0.0	150000.0	1
25,617	1580.85	405.76	100.565	0.0	150000.0	1
25,618	1580.9	405.76	100.564	0.0	150000.0	1
25,619	1580.95	405.75	100.563	0.0	150000.0	1
25,620	1581.0	405.75	100.563	0.0	150000.0	1
25,621	1581.05	405.74	100.562	0.0	150000.0	1
25,622	1581.1	405.74	100.561	0.0	150000.0	1
25,623	1581.15	405.73	100.56	0.0	150000.0	1
25,624	1581.2	405.73	100.56	0.0	150000.0	1
25,625	1581.25	405.72	100.559	0.0	150000.0	1
25,626	1581.3	405.72	100.558	0.0586	150000.0	1
25,627	1581.35	405.72	100.563	0.0	150000.0	1
25,628	1581.4	405.71	100.562	0.0	150000.0	1
25,629	1581.45	405.71	100.561	0.0	150000.0	1
25,630	1581.5	405.7	100.561	0.0	150000.0	1
25,631	1581.55	405.7	100.56	0.0	150000.0	1
25,632	1581.6	405.69	100.559	0.0	150000.0	1
25,633	1581.65	405.69	100.558	0.0	150000.0	1
25,634	1581.7	405.68	100.558	0.0	150000.0	1
25,635	1581.75	405.68	100.557	0.0	150000.0	1
25,636	1581.8	405.67	100.556	0.0	150000.0	1
25,637	1581.85	405.67	100.556	0.0	150000.0	1
25,638	1581.9	405.66	100.555	0.0561	150000.0	1
25,639	1581.95	405.66	100.559	0.0	150000.0	1
25,640	1582.0	405.66	100.559	0.0	150000.0	1
25,641	1582.05	405.65	100.558	0.0	150000.0	1
25,642	1582.1	405.65	100.557	0.0	150000.0	1
25,643	1582.15	405.64	100.557	0.0	150000.0	1
25,644	1582.2	405.64	100.556	0.0	150000.0	1
25,645	1582.25	405.64	100.555	0.0	150000.0	1
25,646	1582.3	405.63	100.554	0.0	150000.0	1
25,647	1582.35	405.63	100.554	0.0	150000.0	1
25,648	1582.4	405.62	100.553	0.0	150000.0	1
25,649	1582.45	405.62	100.552	0.0	150000.0	1
25,650	1582.5	405.61	100.552	0.0536	150000.0	1
25,651	1582.55	405.61	100.556	0.0	150000.0	1
25,652	1582.6	405.61	100.555	0.0	150000.0	1
25,653	1582.65	405.6	100.555	0.0	150000.0	1
25,654	1582.7	405.6	100.554	0.0	150000.0	1
25,655	1582.75	405.59	100.553	0.0	150000.0	1
25,656	1582.8	405.59	100.553	0.0	150000.0	1
25,657	1582.85	405.58	100.552	0.0	150000.0	1
25,658	1582.9	405.58	100.551	0.0	150000.0	1
25,659	1582.95	405.57	100.551	0.0	150000.0	1
25,660	1583.0	405.57	100.55	0.0	150000.0	1
25,661	1583.05	405.56	100.549	0.0	150000.0	1
25,662	1583.1	405.56	100.548	0.0512	150000.0	1
25,663	1583.15	405.56	100.553	0.0	150000.0	1
25,664	1583.2	405.55	100.552	0.0	150000.0	1
25,665	1583.25	405.55	100.552	0.0	150000.0	1
25,666	1583.3	405.54	100.551	0.0	150000.0	1
25,667	1583.35	405.54	100.55	0.0	150000.0	1
25,668	1583.4	405.53	100.55	0.0	150000.0	1
25,669	1583.45	405.53	100.549	0.0	150000.0	1
25,670	1583.5	405.52	100.548	0.0	150000.0	1
25,671	1583.55	405.52	100.547	0.0	150000.0	1
25,672	1583.6	405.52	100.547	0.0	150000.0	1
25,673	1583.65	405.51	100.546	0.0	150000.0	1
25,674	1583.7	405.51	100.545	0.0488	150000.0	1
25,675	1583.75	405.51	100.55	0.0	150000.0	1
25,676	1583.8	405.5	100.549	0.0	150000.0	1
25,677	1583.85	405.5	100.549	0.0	150000.0	1
25,678	1583.9	405.49	100.548	0.0	150000.0	1
25,679	1583.95	405.49	100.547	0.0	150000.0	1
25,680	1584.0	405.48	100.546	0.0	150000.0	1
25,681	1584.05	405.48	100.546	0.0	150000.0	1
25,682	1584.1	405.47	100.545	0.0	150000.0	1
25,683	1584.15	405.47	100.544	0.0	150000.0	1
25,684	1584.2	405.46	100.544	0.0	150000.0	1
25,685	1584.25	405.46	100.543	0.0	150000.0	1
25,686	1584.3	405.45	100.542	0.0465	150000.0	1
25,687	1584.35	405.45	100.547	0.0	150000.0	1
25,688	1584.4	405.45	100.546	0.0	150000.0	1
25,689	1584.45	405.44	100.546	0.0	150000.0	1
25,690	1584.5	405.44	100.545	0.0	150000.0	1
25,691	1584.55	405.43	100.544	0.0	150000.0	1
25,692	1584.6	405.43	100.544	0.0	150000.0	1
25,693	1584.65	405.42	100.543	0.0	150000.0	1
25,694	1584.7	405.42	100.542	0.0	150000.0	1
25,695	1584.75	405.41	100.542	0.0	150000.0	1
25,696	1584.8	405.41	100.541	0.0	150000.0	1
25,697	1584.85	405.4	100.54	0.0	150000.0	1
25,698	1584.9	405.4	100.54	0.0644	150000.0	1
25,699	1584.95	405.4	100.544	0.0	150000.0	1
25,700	1585.0	405.4	100.543	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →