Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,701–25,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,701	1585.05	405.39	100.543	0.0	150000.0	1
25,702	1585.1	405.39	100.542	0.0	150000.0	1
25,703	1585.15	405.38	100.541	0.0	150000.0	1
25,704	1585.2	405.38	100.541	0.0	150000.0	1
25,705	1585.25	405.37	100.54	0.0	150000.0	1
25,706	1585.3	405.37	100.539	0.0	150000.0	1
25,707	1585.35	405.36	100.539	0.0	150000.0	1
25,708	1585.4	405.36	100.538	0.0	150000.0	1
25,709	1585.45	405.35	100.537	0.0	150000.0	1
25,710	1585.5	405.35	100.537	0.0441	150000.0	1
25,711	1585.55	405.35	100.541	0.0	150000.0	1
25,712	1585.6	405.34	100.541	0.0	150000.0	1
25,713	1585.65	405.34	100.54	0.0	150000.0	1
25,714	1585.7	405.33	100.539	0.0	150000.0	1
25,715	1585.75	405.33	100.539	0.0	150000.0	1
25,716	1585.8	405.32	100.538	0.0	150000.0	1
25,717	1585.85	405.32	100.537	0.0	150000.0	1
25,718	1585.9	405.31	100.537	0.0	150000.0	1
25,719	1585.95	405.31	100.536	0.0	150000.0	1
25,720	1586.0	405.3	100.535	0.0	150000.0	1
25,721	1586.05	405.3	100.535	0.0	150000.0	1
25,722	1586.1	405.29	100.534	0.0835	150000.0	1
25,723	1586.15	405.29	100.539	0.0	150000.0	1
25,724	1586.2	405.29	100.538	0.0	150000.0	1
25,725	1586.25	405.29	100.537	0.0	150000.0	1
25,726	1586.3	405.28	100.537	0.0	150000.0	1
25,727	1586.35	405.28	100.536	0.0	150000.0	1
25,728	1586.4	405.27	100.535	0.0	150000.0	1
25,729	1586.45	405.27	100.535	0.0	150000.0	1
25,730	1586.5	405.26	100.534	0.0	150000.0	1
25,731	1586.55	405.26	100.533	0.0	150000.0	1
25,732	1586.6	405.25	100.533	0.0	150000.0	1
25,733	1586.65	405.25	100.532	0.0	150000.0	1
25,734	1586.7	405.24	100.531	0.0422	150000.0	1
25,735	1586.75	405.24	100.536	0.0	150000.0	1
25,736	1586.8	405.24	100.535	0.0	150000.0	1
25,737	1586.85	405.23	100.535	0.0	150000.0	1
25,738	1586.9	405.23	100.534	0.0	150000.0	1
25,739	1586.95	405.22	100.533	0.0	150000.0	1
25,740	1587.0	405.22	100.533	0.0	150000.0	1
25,741	1587.05	405.21	100.532	0.0	150000.0	1
25,742	1587.1	405.21	100.531	0.0	150000.0	1
25,743	1587.15	405.2	100.531	0.0	150000.0	1
25,744	1587.2	405.2	100.53	0.0	150000.0	1
25,745	1587.25	405.19	100.529	0.0136	150000.0	1
25,746	1587.3	405.19	100.529	0.0	150000.0	1
25,747	1587.35	405.19	100.528	0.0	150000.0	1
25,748	1587.4	405.18	100.528	0.0	150000.0	1
25,749	1587.45	405.18	100.527	0.0	150000.0	1
25,750	1587.5	405.17	100.526	0.0	150000.0	1
25,751	1587.55	405.17	100.526	0.0228	150000.0	1
25,752	1587.6	405.17	100.53	0.0	150000.0	1
25,753	1587.65	405.16	100.53	0.0	150000.0	1
25,754	1587.7	405.16	100.529	0.0	150000.0	1
25,755	1587.75	405.15	100.528	0.0	150000.0	1
25,756	1587.8	405.15	100.528	0.0	150000.0	1
25,757	1587.85	405.14	100.527	0.0	150000.0	1
25,758	1587.9	405.14	100.526	0.0	150000.0	1
25,759	1587.95	405.13	100.526	0.0	150000.0	1
25,760	1588.0	405.13	100.525	0.055	150000.0	1
25,761	1588.05	405.13	100.53	0.0	150000.0	1
25,762	1588.1	405.12	100.529	0.0	150000.0	1
25,763	1588.15	405.12	100.528	0.0	150000.0	1
25,764	1588.2	405.11	100.528	0.0	150000.0	1
25,765	1588.25	405.11	100.527	0.0	150000.0	1
25,766	1588.3	405.1	100.526	0.0	150000.0	1
25,767	1588.35	405.1	100.526	0.0	150000.0	1
25,768	1588.4	405.09	100.525	0.0	150000.0	1
25,769	1588.45	405.09	100.525	0.0	150000.0	1
25,770	1588.5	405.09	100.524	0.0	150000.0	1
25,771	1588.55	405.08	100.523	0.0	150000.0	1
25,772	1588.6	405.08	100.523	0.0333	150000.0	1
25,773	1588.65	405.08	100.527	0.0	150000.0	1
25,774	1588.7	405.07	100.527	0.0	150000.0	1
25,775	1588.75	405.07	100.526	0.0	150000.0	1
25,776	1588.8	405.06	100.525	0.0	150000.0	1
25,777	1588.85	405.06	100.525	0.0	150000.0	1
25,778	1588.9	405.05	100.524	0.0	150000.0	1
25,779	1588.95	405.05	100.524	0.0	150000.0	1
25,780	1589.0	405.04	100.523	0.0	150000.0	1
25,781	1589.05	405.04	100.522	0.0	150000.0	1
25,782	1589.1	405.03	100.522	0.0145	150000.0	1
25,783	1589.15	405.03	100.521	0.0	150000.0	1
25,784	1589.2	405.02	100.52	0.0	150000.0	1
25,785	1589.25	405.02	100.52	0.0	150000.0	1
25,786	1589.3	405.01	100.519	0.0	150000.0	1
25,787	1589.35	405.01	100.519	0.0	150000.0	1
25,788	1589.4	405.0	100.518	0.0059	150000.0	1
25,789	1589.45	405.0	100.517	0.0	150000.0	1
25,790	1589.5	405.0	100.517	0.0	150000.0	1
25,791	1589.55	404.99	100.516	0.0	150000.0	1
25,792	1589.6	404.99	100.516	0.0153	150000.0	1
25,793	1589.65	404.98	100.515	0.0	150000.0	1
25,794	1589.7	404.98	100.514	0.0	150000.0	1
25,795	1589.75	404.97	100.514	0.0	150000.0	1
25,796	1589.8	404.97	100.513	0.0	150000.0	1
25,797	1589.85	404.96	100.513	0.0	150000.0	1
25,798	1589.9	404.96	100.512	0.0	150000.0	1
25,799	1589.95	404.95	100.511	0.0754	150000.0	1
25,800	1590.0	404.95	100.516	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →