Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,401–25,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,401	1570.05	406.74	100.649	0.065	150000.0	1
25,402	1570.1	406.74	100.653	0.0	150000.0	1
25,403	1570.15	406.73	100.652	0.0	150000.0	1
25,404	1570.2	406.73	100.651	0.0	150000.0	1
25,405	1570.25	406.72	100.65	0.0	150000.0	1
25,406	1570.3	406.72	100.649	0.0	150000.0	1
25,407	1570.35	406.71	100.648	0.0	150000.0	1
25,408	1570.4	406.71	100.647	0.0	150000.0	1
25,409	1570.45	406.7	100.646	0.0	150000.0	1
25,410	1570.5	406.7	100.645	0.0	150000.0	1
25,411	1570.55	406.69	100.644	0.0	150000.0	1
25,412	1570.6	406.69	100.644	0.0214	150000.0	1
25,413	1570.65	406.68	100.643	0.0	150000.0	1
25,414	1570.7	406.68	100.642	0.0	150000.0	1
25,415	1570.75	406.67	100.641	0.0	150000.0	1
25,416	1570.8	406.67	100.64	0.0	150000.0	1
25,417	1570.85	406.66	100.639	0.0	150000.0	1
25,418	1570.9	406.66	100.638	0.0	150000.0	1
25,419	1570.95	406.65	100.637	0.0249	150000.0	1
25,420	1571.0	406.65	100.641	0.0	150000.0	1
25,421	1571.05	406.65	100.641	0.0	150000.0	1
25,422	1571.1	406.64	100.64	0.0	150000.0	1
25,423	1571.15	406.64	100.639	0.0	150000.0	1
25,424	1571.2	406.63	100.638	0.0	150000.0	1
25,425	1571.25	406.63	100.637	0.0	150000.0	1
25,426	1571.3	406.62	100.636	0.0	150000.0	1
25,427	1571.35	406.62	100.635	0.0	150000.0	1
25,428	1571.4	406.61	100.634	0.07	150000.0	1
25,429	1571.45	406.61	100.639	0.0	150000.0	1
25,430	1571.5	406.61	100.638	0.0	150000.0	1
25,431	1571.55	406.6	100.637	0.0	150000.0	1
25,432	1571.6	406.6	100.636	0.0	150000.0	1
25,433	1571.65	406.59	100.635	0.0	150000.0	1
25,434	1571.7	406.59	100.634	0.0	150000.0	1
25,435	1571.75	406.58	100.633	0.0	150000.0	1
25,436	1571.8	406.58	100.632	0.0	150000.0	1
25,437	1571.85	406.57	100.631	0.0	150000.0	1
25,438	1571.9	406.57	100.63	0.0	150000.0	1
25,439	1571.95	406.56	100.629	0.014	150000.0	1
25,440	1572.0	406.56	100.628	0.0	150000.0	1
25,441	1572.05	406.55	100.628	0.0	150000.0	1
25,442	1572.1	406.55	100.627	0.0	150000.0	1
25,443	1572.15	406.54	100.626	0.0	150000.0	1
25,444	1572.2	406.54	100.625	0.0	150000.0	1
25,445	1572.25	406.53	100.624	0.0446	150000.0	1
25,446	1572.3	406.53	100.628	0.0	150000.0	1
25,447	1572.35	406.53	100.628	0.0	150000.0	1
25,448	1572.4	406.52	100.627	0.0	150000.0	1
25,449	1572.45	406.52	100.626	0.0	150000.0	1
25,450	1572.5	406.51	100.625	0.0	150000.0	1
25,451	1572.55	406.51	100.624	0.0	150000.0	1
25,452	1572.6	406.5	100.623	0.0	150000.0	1
25,453	1572.65	406.5	100.622	0.0	150000.0	1
25,454	1572.7	406.49	100.621	0.0	150000.0	1
25,455	1572.75	406.49	100.62	0.0	150000.0	1
25,456	1572.8	406.48	100.619	0.0336	150000.0	1
25,457	1572.85	406.48	100.624	0.0	150000.0	1
25,458	1572.9	406.48	100.623	0.0	150000.0	1
25,459	1572.95	406.47	100.622	0.0	150000.0	1
25,460	1573.0	406.47	100.621	0.0	150000.0	1
25,461	1573.05	406.46	100.62	0.0	150000.0	1
25,462	1573.1	406.46	100.62	0.0	150000.0	1
25,463	1573.15	406.45	100.619	0.0	150000.0	1
25,464	1573.2	406.45	100.618	0.0	150000.0	1
25,465	1573.25	406.44	100.617	0.0	150000.0	1
25,466	1573.3	406.44	100.616	0.0511	150000.0	1
25,467	1573.35	406.44	100.621	0.0	150000.0	1
25,468	1573.4	406.43	100.62	0.0	150000.0	1
25,469	1573.45	406.43	100.619	0.0	150000.0	1
25,470	1573.5	406.42	100.618	0.0	150000.0	1
25,471	1573.55	406.42	100.617	0.0	150000.0	1
25,472	1573.6	406.41	100.616	0.0	150000.0	1
25,473	1573.65	406.41	100.615	0.0	150000.0	1
25,474	1573.7	406.4	100.614	0.0	150000.0	1
25,475	1573.75	406.4	100.614	0.0	150000.0	1
25,476	1573.8	406.39	100.613	0.0	150000.0	1
25,477	1573.85	406.39	100.612	0.0021	150000.0	1
25,478	1573.9	406.38	100.611	0.0	150000.0	1
25,479	1573.95	406.38	100.61	0.0	150000.0	1
25,480	1574.0	406.37	100.609	0.0707	150000.0	1
25,481	1574.05	406.37	100.614	0.0	150000.0	1
25,482	1574.1	406.37	100.613	0.0	150000.0	1
25,483	1574.15	406.36	100.612	0.0	150000.0	1
25,484	1574.2	406.36	100.611	0.0	150000.0	1
25,485	1574.25	406.35	100.61	0.0	150000.0	1
25,486	1574.3	406.35	100.609	0.0	150000.0	1
25,487	1574.35	406.34	100.609	0.0	150000.0	1
25,488	1574.4	406.34	100.608	0.0	150000.0	1
25,489	1574.45	406.33	100.607	0.0	150000.0	1
25,490	1574.5	406.33	100.606	0.0	150000.0	1
25,491	1574.55	406.32	100.605	0.0004	150000.0	1
25,492	1574.6	406.32	100.604	0.0059	150000.0	1
25,493	1574.65	406.31	100.604	0.0	150000.0	1
25,494	1574.7	406.31	100.603	0.0	150000.0	1
25,495	1574.75	406.3	100.602	0.0	150000.0	1
25,496	1574.8	406.3	100.601	0.031	150000.0	1
25,497	1574.85	406.3	100.606	0.0	150000.0	1
25,498	1574.9	406.29	100.605	0.0	150000.0	1
25,499	1574.95	406.29	100.604	0.0	150000.0	1
25,500	1575.0	406.28	100.603	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →