Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,201–25,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,201	1560.05	407.69	100.778	0.0	150000.0	1
25,202	1560.1	407.69	100.777	0.0	150000.0	1
25,203	1560.15	407.68	100.776	0.0	150000.0	1
25,204	1560.2	407.68	100.775	0.0	150000.0	1
25,205	1560.25	407.67	100.773	0.0	150000.0	1
25,206	1560.3	407.67	100.772	0.0	150000.0	1
25,207	1560.35	407.66	100.771	0.095	150000.0	1
25,208	1560.4	407.66	100.775	0.0	150000.0	1
25,209	1560.45	407.66	100.774	0.0	150000.0	1
25,210	1560.5	407.65	100.773	0.0	150000.0	1
25,211	1560.55	407.65	100.771	0.0	150000.0	1
25,212	1560.6	407.64	100.77	0.0	150000.0	1
25,213	1560.65	407.63	100.769	0.0	150000.0	1
25,214	1560.7	407.63	100.767	0.0	150000.0	1
25,215	1560.75	407.62	100.766	0.0	150000.0	1
25,216	1560.8	407.62	100.765	0.0	150000.0	1
25,217	1560.85	407.61	100.764	0.0	150000.0	1
25,218	1560.9	407.61	100.762	0.0902	150000.0	1
25,219	1560.95	407.61	100.767	0.0	150000.0	1
25,220	1561.0	407.6	100.765	0.0	150000.0	1
25,221	1561.05	407.6	100.764	0.0	150000.0	1
25,222	1561.1	407.59	100.763	0.0	150000.0	1
25,223	1561.15	407.59	100.762	0.0	150000.0	1
25,224	1561.2	407.58	100.76	0.0	150000.0	1
25,225	1561.25	407.58	100.759	0.0	150000.0	1
25,226	1561.3	407.57	100.758	0.0	150000.0	1
25,227	1561.35	407.56	100.757	0.0	150000.0	1
25,228	1561.4	407.56	100.755	0.0	150000.0	1
25,229	1561.45	407.55	100.754	0.0852	150000.0	1
25,230	1561.5	407.55	100.759	0.0	150000.0	1
25,231	1561.55	407.55	100.757	0.0	150000.0	1
25,232	1561.6	407.54	100.756	0.0	150000.0	1
25,233	1561.65	407.54	100.755	0.0	150000.0	1
25,234	1561.7	407.53	100.754	0.0	150000.0	1
25,235	1561.75	407.53	100.752	0.0	150000.0	1
25,236	1561.8	407.52	100.751	0.0	150000.0	1
25,237	1561.85	407.52	100.75	0.0	150000.0	1
25,238	1561.9	407.51	100.749	0.0	150000.0	1
25,239	1561.95	407.51	100.747	0.0	150000.0	1
25,240	1562.0	407.5	100.746	0.0804	150000.0	1
25,241	1562.05	407.5	100.751	0.0	150000.0	1
25,242	1562.1	407.5	100.749	0.0	150000.0	1
25,243	1562.15	407.49	100.748	0.0	150000.0	1
25,244	1562.2	407.49	100.747	0.0	150000.0	1
25,245	1562.25	407.48	100.746	0.0	150000.0	1
25,246	1562.3	407.47	100.745	0.0	150000.0	1
25,247	1562.35	407.47	100.743	0.0	150000.0	1
25,248	1562.4	407.46	100.742	0.0	150000.0	1
25,249	1562.45	407.46	100.741	0.0	150000.0	1
25,250	1562.5	407.45	100.74	0.0	150000.0	1
25,251	1562.55	407.45	100.738	0.0757	150000.0	1
25,252	1562.6	407.45	100.743	0.0	150000.0	1
25,253	1562.65	407.44	100.742	0.0	150000.0	1
25,254	1562.7	407.44	100.741	0.0	150000.0	1
25,255	1562.75	407.43	100.739	0.0	150000.0	1
25,256	1562.8	407.43	100.738	0.0	150000.0	1
25,257	1562.85	407.42	100.737	0.0	150000.0	1
25,258	1562.9	407.42	100.736	0.0	150000.0	1
25,259	1562.95	407.41	100.734	0.0	150000.0	1
25,260	1563.0	407.41	100.733	0.0	150000.0	1
25,261	1563.05	407.4	100.732	0.0	150000.0	1
25,262	1563.1	407.4	100.731	0.0711	150000.0	1
25,263	1563.15	407.4	100.735	0.0	150000.0	1
25,264	1563.2	407.39	100.734	0.0	150000.0	1
25,265	1563.25	407.38	100.733	0.0	150000.0	1
25,266	1563.3	407.38	100.732	0.0	150000.0	1
25,267	1563.35	407.37	100.731	0.0	150000.0	1
25,268	1563.4	407.37	100.729	0.0	150000.0	1
25,269	1563.45	407.36	100.728	0.0	150000.0	1
25,270	1563.5	407.36	100.727	0.0	150000.0	1
25,271	1563.55	407.35	100.726	0.0	150000.0	1
25,272	1563.6	407.35	100.725	0.0	150000.0	1
25,273	1563.65	407.34	100.724	0.0666	150000.0	1
25,274	1563.7	407.34	100.728	0.0	150000.0	1
25,275	1563.75	407.34	100.727	0.0	150000.0	1
25,276	1563.8	407.33	100.726	0.0	150000.0	1
25,277	1563.85	407.33	100.725	0.0	150000.0	1
25,278	1563.9	407.32	100.723	0.0	150000.0	1
25,279	1563.95	407.32	100.722	0.0	150000.0	1
25,280	1564.0	407.31	100.721	0.0	150000.0	1
25,281	1564.05	407.31	100.72	0.0	150000.0	1
25,282	1564.1	407.3	100.719	0.0	150000.0	1
25,283	1564.15	407.3	100.718	0.0	150000.0	1
25,284	1564.2	407.29	100.717	0.0622	150000.0	1
25,285	1564.25	407.29	100.721	0.0	150000.0	1
25,286	1564.3	407.28	100.72	0.0	150000.0	1
25,287	1564.35	407.28	100.719	0.0	150000.0	1
25,288	1564.4	407.27	100.718	0.0	150000.0	1
25,289	1564.45	407.27	100.716	0.0	150000.0	1
25,290	1564.5	407.26	100.715	0.0	150000.0	1
25,291	1564.55	407.26	100.714	0.0	150000.0	1
25,292	1564.6	407.25	100.713	0.0	150000.0	1
25,293	1564.65	407.25	100.712	0.0	150000.0	1
25,294	1564.7	407.24	100.711	0.0	150000.0	1
25,295	1564.75	407.24	100.71	0.0579	150000.0	1
25,296	1564.8	407.24	100.714	0.0	150000.0	1
25,297	1564.85	407.23	100.713	0.0	150000.0	1
25,298	1564.9	407.23	100.712	0.0	150000.0	1
25,299	1564.95	407.22	100.711	0.0	150000.0	1
25,300	1565.0	407.22	100.71	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →