Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,001–25,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,001	1550.05	408.72	100.986	0.0	150000.0	1
25,002	1550.1	408.71	100.984	0.0	150000.0	1
25,003	1550.15	408.71	100.982	0.0	150000.0	1
25,004	1550.2	408.7	100.98	0.0955	150000.0	1
25,005	1550.25	408.7	100.984	0.0	150000.0	1
25,006	1550.3	408.7	100.983	0.0	150000.0	1
25,007	1550.35	408.69	100.981	0.0	150000.0	1
25,008	1550.4	408.69	100.979	0.0	150000.0	1
25,009	1550.45	408.68	100.977	0.0	150000.0	1
25,010	1550.5	408.67	100.975	0.0	150000.0	1
25,011	1550.55	408.67	100.973	0.0	150000.0	1
25,012	1550.6	408.66	100.972	0.0	150000.0	1
25,013	1550.65	408.66	100.97	0.0	150000.0	1
25,014	1550.7	408.65	100.968	0.0911	150000.0	1
25,015	1550.75	408.65	100.972	0.0	150000.0	1
25,016	1550.8	408.64	100.97	0.0	150000.0	1
25,017	1550.85	408.64	100.969	0.0	150000.0	1
25,018	1550.9	408.63	100.967	0.0	150000.0	1
25,019	1550.95	408.63	100.965	0.0	150000.0	1
25,020	1551.0	408.62	100.963	0.0	150000.0	1
25,021	1551.05	408.61	100.961	0.0	150000.0	1
25,022	1551.1	408.61	100.96	0.0	150000.0	1
25,023	1551.15	408.6	100.958	0.0	150000.0	1
25,024	1551.2	408.6	100.956	0.0849	150000.0	1
25,025	1551.25	408.6	100.96	0.0	150000.0	1
25,026	1551.3	408.59	100.959	0.0	150000.0	1
25,027	1551.35	408.59	100.957	0.0	150000.0	1
25,028	1551.4	408.58	100.955	0.0	150000.0	1
25,029	1551.45	408.57	100.953	0.0	150000.0	1
25,030	1551.5	408.57	100.951	0.0	150000.0	1
25,031	1551.55	408.56	100.95	0.0	150000.0	1
25,032	1551.6	408.56	100.948	0.0	150000.0	1
25,033	1551.65	408.55	100.946	0.0	150000.0	1
25,034	1551.7	408.54	100.944	0.0787	150000.0	1
25,035	1551.75	408.54	100.949	0.0	150000.0	1
25,036	1551.8	408.54	100.947	0.0	150000.0	1
25,037	1551.85	408.53	100.945	0.0	150000.0	1
25,038	1551.9	408.53	100.944	0.0	150000.0	1
25,039	1551.95	408.52	100.942	0.0	150000.0	1
25,040	1552.0	408.52	100.94	0.0	150000.0	1
25,041	1552.05	408.51	100.938	0.0	150000.0	1
25,042	1552.1	408.5	100.937	0.0	150000.0	1
25,043	1552.15	408.5	100.935	0.0	150000.0	1
25,044	1552.2	408.49	100.933	0.0726	150000.0	1
25,045	1552.25	408.49	100.938	0.0	150000.0	1
25,046	1552.3	408.49	100.936	0.0	150000.0	1
25,047	1552.35	408.48	100.934	0.0	150000.0	1
25,048	1552.4	408.48	100.932	0.0	150000.0	1
25,049	1552.45	408.47	100.931	0.0	150000.0	1
25,050	1552.5	408.46	100.929	0.0	150000.0	1
25,051	1552.55	408.46	100.927	0.0	150000.0	1
25,052	1552.6	408.45	100.925	0.0	150000.0	1
25,053	1552.65	408.45	100.924	0.0	150000.0	1
25,054	1552.7	408.44	100.922	0.0667	150000.0	1
25,055	1552.75	408.44	100.927	0.0	150000.0	1
25,056	1552.8	408.43	100.925	0.0	150000.0	1
25,057	1552.85	408.43	100.923	0.0	150000.0	1
25,058	1552.9	408.42	100.921	0.0	150000.0	1
25,059	1552.95	408.42	100.92	0.0	150000.0	1
25,060	1553.0	408.41	100.918	0.0	150000.0	1
25,061	1553.05	408.41	100.916	0.0	150000.0	1
25,062	1553.1	408.4	100.915	0.0	150000.0	1
25,063	1553.15	408.39	100.913	0.0	150000.0	1
25,064	1553.2	408.39	100.911	0.0609	150000.0	1
25,065	1553.25	408.39	100.916	0.0	150000.0	1
25,066	1553.3	408.38	100.914	0.0	150000.0	1
25,067	1553.35	408.38	100.912	0.0	150000.0	1
25,068	1553.4	408.37	100.911	0.0	150000.0	1
25,069	1553.45	408.37	100.909	0.0	150000.0	1
25,070	1553.5	408.36	100.907	0.0	150000.0	1
25,071	1553.55	408.35	100.906	0.0	150000.0	1
25,072	1553.6	408.35	100.904	0.0	150000.0	1
25,073	1553.65	408.34	100.902	0.0	150000.0	1
25,074	1553.7	408.34	100.901	0.0552	150000.0	1
25,075	1553.75	408.34	100.905	0.0	150000.0	1
25,076	1553.8	408.33	100.904	0.0	150000.0	1
25,077	1553.85	408.33	100.902	0.0	150000.0	1
25,078	1553.9	408.32	100.9	0.0	150000.0	1
25,079	1553.95	408.31	100.899	0.0	150000.0	1
25,080	1554.0	408.31	100.897	0.0	150000.0	1
25,081	1554.05	408.3	100.895	0.0	150000.0	1
25,082	1554.1	408.3	100.894	0.0	150000.0	1
25,083	1554.15	408.29	100.892	0.0	150000.0	1
25,084	1554.2	408.29	100.89	0.0497	150000.0	1
25,085	1554.25	408.29	100.895	0.0	150000.0	1
25,086	1554.3	408.28	100.893	0.0	150000.0	1
25,087	1554.35	408.27	100.892	0.0	150000.0	1
25,088	1554.4	408.27	100.89	0.0	150000.0	1
25,089	1554.45	408.26	100.888	0.0	150000.0	1
25,090	1554.5	408.26	100.887	0.0	150000.0	1
25,091	1554.55	408.25	100.885	0.0	150000.0	1
25,092	1554.6	408.25	100.884	0.0	150000.0	1
25,093	1554.65	408.24	100.882	0.0	150000.0	1
25,094	1554.7	408.23	100.88	0.0443	150000.0	1
25,095	1554.75	408.23	100.885	0.0	150000.0	1
25,096	1554.8	408.23	100.883	0.0	150000.0	1
25,097	1554.85	408.22	100.882	0.0	150000.0	1
25,098	1554.9	408.22	100.88	0.0	150000.0	1
25,099	1554.95	408.21	100.879	0.0	150000.0	1
25,100	1555.0	408.21	100.877	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →