Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

1–100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	150000.0	1
2	300.1	450.05	39.576	150000.0	1
3	300.15	450.05	39.58	150000.0	1
4	300.2	450.05	39.584	150000.0	1
5	300.25	450.05	39.588	150000.0	1
6	300.3	450.05	39.592	150000.0	1
7	300.35	450.05	39.596	150000.0	1
8	300.4	450.05	39.601	150000.0	1
9	300.45	450.05	39.605	150000.0	1
10	300.5	450.05	39.609	150000.0	1
11	300.55	450.05	39.613	150000.0	1
12	300.6	450.05	39.617	150000.0	1
13	300.65	450.05	39.621	150000.0	1
14	300.7	450.05	39.625	150000.0	1
15	300.75	450.05	39.629	150000.0	1
16	300.8	450.05	39.633	150000.0	1
17	300.85	450.05	39.637	150000.0	1
18	300.9	450.05	39.641	150000.0	1
19	300.95	450.05	39.645	150000.0	1
20	301.0	450.05	39.649	150000.0	1
21	301.05	450.05	39.653	150000.0	1
22	301.1	450.05	39.658	150000.0	1
23	301.15	450.05	39.662	150000.0	1
24	301.2	450.05	39.666	150000.0	1
25	301.25	450.05	39.67	150000.0	1
26	301.3	450.05	39.674	150000.0	1
27	301.35	450.05	39.678	150000.0	1
28	301.4	450.05	39.682	150000.0	1
29	301.45	450.05	39.686	150000.0	1
30	301.5	450.05	39.69	150000.0	1
31	301.55	450.05	39.694	150000.0	1
32	301.6	450.05	39.698	150000.0	1
33	301.65	450.05	39.702	150000.0	1
34	301.7	450.05	39.706	150000.0	1
35	301.75	450.05	39.71	150000.0	1
36	301.8	450.05	39.714	150000.0	1
37	301.85	450.05	39.719	150000.0	1
38	301.9	450.05	39.723	150000.0	1
39	301.95	450.05	39.727	150000.0	1
40	302.0	450.05	39.731	150000.0	1
41	302.05	450.05	39.735	150000.0	1
42	302.1	450.05	39.739	150000.0	1
43	302.15	450.05	39.743	150000.0	1
44	302.2	450.05	39.747	150000.0	1
45	302.25	450.05	39.751	150000.0	1
46	302.3	450.05	39.755	150000.0	1
47	302.35	450.05	39.759	150000.0	1
48	302.4	450.05	39.763	150000.0	1
49	302.45	450.05	39.767	150000.0	1
50	302.5	450.05	39.771	150000.0	1
51	302.55	450.05	39.775	150000.0	1
52	302.6	450.05	39.78	150000.0	1
53	302.65	450.05	39.784	150000.0	1
54	302.7	450.05	39.788	150000.0	1
55	302.75	450.05	39.792	150000.0	1
56	302.8	450.05	39.796	150000.0	1
57	302.85	450.05	39.8	150000.0	1
58	302.9	450.05	39.804	150000.0	1
59	302.95	450.05	39.808	150000.0	1
60	303.0	450.05	39.812	150000.0	1
61	303.05	450.05	39.816	150000.0	1
62	303.1	450.05	39.82	150000.0	1
63	303.15	450.05	39.824	150000.0	1
64	303.2	450.05	39.828	150000.0	1
65	303.25	450.05	39.832	150000.0	1
66	303.3	450.05	39.837	150000.0	1
67	303.35	450.05	39.841	150000.0	1
68	303.4	450.05	39.845	150000.0	1
69	303.45	450.05	39.849	150000.0	1
70	303.5	450.05	39.853	150000.0	1
71	303.55	450.05	39.857	150000.0	1
72	303.6	450.05	39.861	150000.0	1
73	303.65	450.05	39.865	150000.0	1
74	303.7	450.05	39.869	150000.0	1
75	303.75	450.05	39.873	150000.0	1
76	303.8	450.05	39.877	150000.0	1
77	303.85	450.05	39.881	150000.0	1
78	303.9	450.05	39.885	150000.0	1
79	303.95	450.05	39.889	150000.0	1
80	304.0	450.05	39.893	150000.0	1
81	304.05	450.05	39.898	150000.0	1
82	304.1	450.05	39.902	150000.0	1
83	304.15	450.05	39.906	150000.0	1
84	304.2	450.05	39.91	150000.0	1
85	304.25	450.05	39.914	150000.0	1
86	304.3	450.05	39.918	150000.0	1
87	304.35	450.05	39.922	150000.0	1
88	304.4	450.05	39.926	150000.0	1
89	304.45	450.05	39.93	150000.0	1
90	304.5	450.05	39.934	150000.0	1
91	304.55	450.05	39.938	150000.0	1
92	304.6	450.05	39.942	150000.0	1
93	304.65	450.05	39.946	150000.0	1
94	304.7	450.05	39.95	150000.0	1
95	304.75	450.05	39.954	150000.0	1
96	304.8	450.05	39.959	150000.0	1
97	304.85	450.05	39.963	150000.0	1
98	304.9	450.05	39.967	150000.0	1
99	304.95	450.05	39.971	150000.0	1
100	305.0	450.05	39.975	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →