Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

25,301–25,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
25,301	1565.05	407.21	100.708	0.0	150000.0	1
25,302	1565.1	407.21	100.707	0.0	150000.0	1
25,303	1565.15	407.2	100.706	0.0	150000.0	1
25,304	1565.2	407.2	100.705	0.0	150000.0	1
25,305	1565.25	407.19	100.704	0.0	150000.0	1
25,306	1565.3	407.19	100.703	0.0538	150000.0	1
25,307	1565.35	407.19	100.707	0.0	150000.0	1
25,308	1565.4	407.18	100.706	0.0	150000.0	1
25,309	1565.45	407.18	100.705	0.0	150000.0	1
25,310	1565.5	407.17	100.704	0.0	150000.0	1
25,311	1565.55	407.16	100.703	0.0	150000.0	1
25,312	1565.6	407.16	100.702	0.0	150000.0	1
25,313	1565.65	407.15	100.701	0.0	150000.0	1
25,314	1565.7	407.15	100.7	0.0	150000.0	1
25,315	1565.75	407.14	100.698	0.0	150000.0	1
25,316	1565.8	407.14	100.697	0.0	150000.0	1
25,317	1565.85	407.13	100.696	0.0497	150000.0	1
25,318	1565.9	407.13	100.701	0.0	150000.0	1
25,319	1565.95	407.13	100.7	0.0	150000.0	1
25,320	1566.0	407.12	100.699	0.0	150000.0	1
25,321	1566.05	407.12	100.697	0.0	150000.0	1
25,322	1566.1	407.11	100.696	0.0	150000.0	1
25,323	1566.15	407.11	100.695	0.0	150000.0	1
25,324	1566.2	407.1	100.694	0.0	150000.0	1
25,325	1566.25	407.1	100.693	0.0	150000.0	1
25,326	1566.3	407.09	100.692	0.0	150000.0	1
25,327	1566.35	407.09	100.691	0.0	150000.0	1
25,328	1566.4	407.08	100.69	0.0458	150000.0	1
25,329	1566.45	407.08	100.694	0.0	150000.0	1
25,330	1566.5	407.08	100.693	0.0	150000.0	1
25,331	1566.55	407.07	100.692	0.0	150000.0	1
25,332	1566.6	407.07	100.691	0.0	150000.0	1
25,333	1566.65	407.06	100.69	0.0	150000.0	1
25,334	1566.7	407.06	100.689	0.0	150000.0	1
25,335	1566.75	407.05	100.688	0.0	150000.0	1
25,336	1566.8	407.05	100.687	0.0	150000.0	1
25,337	1566.85	407.04	100.686	0.0	150000.0	1
25,338	1566.9	407.04	100.685	0.0	150000.0	1
25,339	1566.95	407.03	100.684	0.0528	150000.0	1
25,340	1567.0	407.03	100.688	0.0	150000.0	1
25,341	1567.05	407.03	100.687	0.0	150000.0	1
25,342	1567.1	407.02	100.686	0.0	150000.0	1
25,343	1567.15	407.01	100.685	0.0	150000.0	1
25,344	1567.2	407.01	100.684	0.0	150000.0	1
25,345	1567.25	407.0	100.683	0.0	150000.0	1
25,346	1567.3	407.0	100.682	0.0	150000.0	1
25,347	1567.35	406.99	100.681	0.0	150000.0	1
25,348	1567.4	406.99	100.68	0.0	150000.0	1
25,349	1567.45	406.98	100.679	0.0	150000.0	1
25,350	1567.5	406.98	100.678	0.0392	150000.0	1
25,351	1567.55	406.98	100.682	0.0	150000.0	1
25,352	1567.6	406.97	100.681	0.0	150000.0	1
25,353	1567.65	406.97	100.68	0.0	150000.0	1
25,354	1567.7	406.96	100.679	0.0	150000.0	1
25,355	1567.75	406.96	100.678	0.0	150000.0	1
25,356	1567.8	406.95	100.677	0.0	150000.0	1
25,357	1567.85	406.95	100.676	0.0	150000.0	1
25,358	1567.9	406.94	100.675	0.0	150000.0	1
25,359	1567.95	406.94	100.674	0.0	150000.0	1
25,360	1568.0	406.93	100.673	0.0168	150000.0	1
25,361	1568.05	406.93	100.672	0.0	150000.0	1
25,362	1568.1	406.92	100.671	0.0	150000.0	1
25,363	1568.15	406.92	100.67	0.0	150000.0	1
25,364	1568.2	406.91	100.669	0.0	150000.0	1
25,365	1568.25	406.91	100.668	0.0	150000.0	1
25,366	1568.3	406.9	100.667	0.0089	150000.0	1
25,367	1568.35	406.9	100.666	0.0	150000.0	1
25,368	1568.4	406.89	100.665	0.0	150000.0	1
25,369	1568.45	406.89	100.664	0.0	150000.0	1
25,370	1568.5	406.88	100.663	0.0	150000.0	1
25,371	1568.55	406.88	100.662	0.0614	150000.0	1
25,372	1568.6	406.88	100.666	0.0	150000.0	1
25,373	1568.65	406.87	100.665	0.0	150000.0	1
25,374	1568.7	406.87	100.664	0.0	150000.0	1
25,375	1568.75	406.86	100.663	0.0	150000.0	1
25,376	1568.8	406.86	100.662	0.0	150000.0	1
25,377	1568.85	406.85	100.661	0.0	150000.0	1
25,378	1568.9	406.85	100.66	0.0	150000.0	1
25,379	1568.95	406.84	100.659	0.0	150000.0	1
25,380	1569.0	406.84	100.658	0.0	150000.0	1
25,381	1569.05	406.83	100.657	0.0	150000.0	1
25,382	1569.1	406.83	100.656	0.0284	150000.0	1
25,383	1569.15	406.83	100.661	0.0	150000.0	1
25,384	1569.2	406.82	100.66	0.0	150000.0	1
25,385	1569.25	406.82	100.659	0.0	150000.0	1
25,386	1569.3	406.81	100.658	0.0	150000.0	1
25,387	1569.35	406.81	100.657	0.0	150000.0	1
25,388	1569.4	406.8	100.656	0.0	150000.0	1
25,389	1569.45	406.79	100.655	0.0	150000.0	1
25,390	1569.5	406.79	100.654	0.0	150000.0	1
25,391	1569.55	406.78	100.653	0.0336	150000.0	1
25,392	1569.6	406.78	100.657	0.0	150000.0	1
25,393	1569.65	406.78	100.656	0.0	150000.0	1
25,394	1569.7	406.77	100.655	0.0	150000.0	1
25,395	1569.75	406.77	100.654	0.0	150000.0	1
25,396	1569.8	406.76	100.653	0.0	150000.0	1
25,397	1569.85	406.76	100.652	0.0	150000.0	1
25,398	1569.9	406.75	100.652	0.0	150000.0	1
25,399	1569.95	406.75	100.651	0.0	150000.0	1
25,400	1570.0	406.74	100.65	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →