Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,401–2,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,401	420.05	450.05	49.336	150000.0	1
2,402	420.1	450.05	49.34	150000.0	1
2,403	420.15	450.05	49.344	150000.0	1
2,404	420.2	450.05	49.348	150000.0	1
2,405	420.25	450.05	49.352	150000.0	1
2,406	420.3	450.05	49.356	150000.0	1
2,407	420.35	450.05	49.36	150000.0	1
2,408	420.4	450.05	49.364	150000.0	1
2,409	420.45	450.05	49.368	150000.0	1
2,410	420.5	450.05	49.372	150000.0	1
2,411	420.55	450.05	49.376	150000.0	1
2,412	420.6	450.05	49.38	150000.0	1
2,413	420.65	450.05	49.384	150000.0	1
2,414	420.7	450.05	49.389	150000.0	1
2,415	420.75	450.05	49.393	150000.0	1
2,416	420.8	450.05	49.397	150000.0	1
2,417	420.85	450.05	49.401	150000.0	1
2,418	420.9	450.05	49.405	150000.0	1
2,419	420.95	450.05	49.409	150000.0	1
2,420	421.0	450.05	49.413	150000.0	1
2,421	421.05	450.05	49.417	150000.0	1
2,422	421.1	450.05	49.421	150000.0	1
2,423	421.15	450.05	49.425	150000.0	1
2,424	421.2	450.05	49.429	150000.0	1
2,425	421.25	450.05	49.433	150000.0	1
2,426	421.3	450.05	49.437	150000.0	1
2,427	421.35	450.05	49.441	150000.0	1
2,428	421.4	450.05	49.445	150000.0	1
2,429	421.45	450.05	49.45	150000.0	1
2,430	421.5	450.05	49.454	150000.0	1
2,431	421.55	450.05	49.458	150000.0	1
2,432	421.6	450.05	49.462	150000.0	1
2,433	421.65	450.05	49.466	150000.0	1
2,434	421.7	450.05	49.47	150000.0	1
2,435	421.75	450.05	49.474	150000.0	1
2,436	421.8	450.05	49.478	150000.0	1
2,437	421.85	450.05	49.482	150000.0	1
2,438	421.9	450.05	49.486	150000.0	1
2,439	421.95	450.05	49.49	150000.0	1
2,440	422.0	450.05	49.494	150000.0	1
2,441	422.05	450.05	49.498	150000.0	1
2,442	422.1	450.05	49.502	150000.0	1
2,443	422.15	450.05	49.507	150000.0	1
2,444	422.2	450.05	49.511	150000.0	1
2,445	422.25	450.05	49.515	150000.0	1
2,446	422.3	450.05	49.519	150000.0	1
2,447	422.35	450.05	49.523	150000.0	1
2,448	422.4	450.05	49.527	150000.0	1
2,449	422.45	450.05	49.531	150000.0	1
2,450	422.5	450.05	49.535	150000.0	1
2,451	422.55	450.05	49.539	150000.0	1
2,452	422.6	450.05	49.543	150000.0	1
2,453	422.65	450.05	49.547	150000.0	1
2,454	422.7	450.05	49.551	150000.0	1
2,455	422.75	450.05	49.555	150000.0	1
2,456	422.8	450.05	49.559	150000.0	1
2,457	422.85	450.05	49.563	150000.0	1
2,458	422.9	450.05	49.568	150000.0	1
2,459	422.95	450.05	49.572	150000.0	1
2,460	423.0	450.05	49.576	150000.0	1
2,461	423.05	450.05	49.58	150000.0	1
2,462	423.1	450.05	49.584	150000.0	1
2,463	423.15	450.05	49.588	150000.0	1
2,464	423.2	450.05	49.592	150000.0	1
2,465	423.25	450.05	49.596	150000.0	1
2,466	423.3	450.05	49.6	150000.0	1
2,467	423.35	450.05	49.604	150000.0	1
2,468	423.4	450.05	49.608	150000.0	1
2,469	423.45	450.05	49.612	150000.0	1
2,470	423.5	450.05	49.616	150000.0	1
2,471	423.55	450.05	49.62	150000.0	1
2,472	423.6	450.05	49.624	150000.0	1
2,473	423.65	450.05	49.629	150000.0	1
2,474	423.7	450.05	49.633	150000.0	1
2,475	423.75	450.05	49.637	150000.0	1
2,476	423.8	450.05	49.641	150000.0	1
2,477	423.85	450.05	49.645	150000.0	1
2,478	423.9	450.05	49.649	150000.0	1
2,479	423.95	450.05	49.653	150000.0	1
2,480	424.0	450.05	49.657	150000.0	1
2,481	424.05	450.05	49.661	150000.0	1
2,482	424.1	450.05	49.665	150000.0	1
2,483	424.15	450.05	49.669	150000.0	1
2,484	424.2	450.05	49.673	150000.0	1
2,485	424.25	450.05	49.677	150000.0	1
2,486	424.3	450.05	49.681	150000.0	1
2,487	424.35	450.05	49.686	150000.0	1
2,488	424.4	450.05	49.69	150000.0	1
2,489	424.45	450.05	49.694	150000.0	1
2,490	424.5	450.05	49.698	150000.0	1
2,491	424.55	450.05	49.702	150000.0	1
2,492	424.6	450.05	49.706	150000.0	1
2,493	424.65	450.05	49.71	150000.0	1
2,494	424.7	450.05	49.714	150000.0	1
2,495	424.75	450.05	49.718	150000.0	1
2,496	424.8	450.05	49.722	150000.0	1
2,497	424.85	450.05	49.726	150000.0	1
2,498	424.9	450.05	49.73	150000.0	1
2,499	424.95	450.05	49.734	150000.0	1
2,500	425.0	450.05	49.738	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →