Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,301–2,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,301	415.05	450.05	48.929	150000.0	1
2,302	415.1	450.05	48.933	150000.0	1
2,303	415.15	450.05	48.937	150000.0	1
2,304	415.2	450.05	48.941	150000.0	1
2,305	415.25	450.05	48.945	150000.0	1
2,306	415.3	450.05	48.949	150000.0	1
2,307	415.35	450.05	48.953	150000.0	1
2,308	415.4	450.05	48.957	150000.0	1
2,309	415.45	450.05	48.961	150000.0	1
2,310	415.5	450.05	48.965	150000.0	1
2,311	415.55	450.05	48.97	150000.0	1
2,312	415.6	450.05	48.974	150000.0	1
2,313	415.65	450.05	48.978	150000.0	1
2,314	415.7	450.05	48.982	150000.0	1
2,315	415.75	450.05	48.986	150000.0	1
2,316	415.8	450.05	48.99	150000.0	1
2,317	415.85	450.05	48.994	150000.0	1
2,318	415.9	450.05	48.998	150000.0	1
2,319	415.95	450.05	49.002	150000.0	1
2,320	416.0	450.05	49.006	150000.0	1
2,321	416.05	450.05	49.01	150000.0	1
2,322	416.1	450.05	49.014	150000.0	1
2,323	416.15	450.05	49.018	150000.0	1
2,324	416.2	450.05	49.022	150000.0	1
2,325	416.25	450.05	49.026	150000.0	1
2,326	416.3	450.05	49.031	150000.0	1
2,327	416.35	450.05	49.035	150000.0	1
2,328	416.4	450.05	49.039	150000.0	1
2,329	416.45	450.05	49.043	150000.0	1
2,330	416.5	450.05	49.047	150000.0	1
2,331	416.55	450.05	49.051	150000.0	1
2,332	416.6	450.05	49.055	150000.0	1
2,333	416.65	450.05	49.059	150000.0	1
2,334	416.7	450.05	49.063	150000.0	1
2,335	416.75	450.05	49.067	150000.0	1
2,336	416.8	450.05	49.071	150000.0	1
2,337	416.85	450.05	49.075	150000.0	1
2,338	416.9	450.05	49.079	150000.0	1
2,339	416.95	450.05	49.083	150000.0	1
2,340	417.0	450.05	49.087	150000.0	1
2,341	417.05	450.05	49.092	150000.0	1
2,342	417.1	450.05	49.096	150000.0	1
2,343	417.15	450.05	49.1	150000.0	1
2,344	417.2	450.05	49.104	150000.0	1
2,345	417.25	450.05	49.108	150000.0	1
2,346	417.3	450.05	49.112	150000.0	1
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	150000.0	1
2,348	417.4	450.05	49.12	150000.0	1
2,349	417.45	450.05	49.124	150000.0	1
2,350	417.5	450.05	49.128	150000.0	1
2,351	417.55	450.05	49.132	150000.0	1
2,352	417.6	450.05	49.136	150000.0	1
2,353	417.65	450.05	49.14	150000.0	1
2,354	417.7	450.05	49.144	150000.0	1
2,355	417.75	450.05	49.149	150000.0	1
2,356	417.8	450.05	49.153	150000.0	1
2,357	417.85	450.05	49.157	150000.0	1
2,358	417.9	450.05	49.161	150000.0	1
2,359	417.95	450.05	49.165	150000.0	1
2,360	418.0	450.05	49.169	150000.0	1
2,361	418.05	450.05	49.173	150000.0	1
2,362	418.1	450.05	49.177	150000.0	1
2,363	418.15	450.05	49.181	150000.0	1
2,364	418.2	450.05	49.185	150000.0	1
2,365	418.25	450.05	49.189	150000.0	1
2,366	418.3	450.05	49.193	150000.0	1
2,367	418.35	450.05	49.197	150000.0	1
2,368	418.4	450.05	49.201	150000.0	1
2,369	418.45	450.05	49.205	150000.0	1
2,370	418.5	450.05	49.21	150000.0	1
2,371	418.55	450.05	49.214	150000.0	1
2,372	418.6	450.05	49.218	150000.0	1
2,373	418.65	450.05	49.222	150000.0	1
2,374	418.7	450.05	49.226	150000.0	1
2,375	418.75	450.05	49.23	150000.0	1
2,376	418.8	450.05	49.234	150000.0	1
2,377	418.85	450.05	49.238	150000.0	1
2,378	418.9	450.05	49.242	150000.0	1
2,379	418.95	450.05	49.246	150000.0	1
2,380	419.0	450.05	49.25	150000.0	1
2,381	419.05	450.05	49.254	150000.0	1
2,382	419.1	450.05	49.258	150000.0	1
2,383	419.15	450.05	49.262	150000.0	1
2,384	419.2	450.05	49.266	150000.0	1
2,385	419.25	450.05	49.271	150000.0	1
2,386	419.3	450.05	49.275	150000.0	1
2,387	419.35	450.05	49.279	150000.0	1
2,388	419.4	450.05	49.283	150000.0	1
2,389	419.45	450.05	49.287	150000.0	1
2,390	419.5	450.05	49.291	150000.0	1
2,391	419.55	450.05	49.295	150000.0	1
2,392	419.6	450.05	49.299	150000.0	1
2,393	419.65	450.05	49.303	150000.0	1
2,394	419.7	450.05	49.307	150000.0	1
2,395	419.75	450.05	49.311	150000.0	1
2,396	419.8	450.05	49.315	150000.0	1
2,397	419.85	450.05	49.319	150000.0	1
2,398	419.9	450.05	49.323	150000.0	1
2,399	419.95	450.05	49.328	150000.0	1
2,400	420.0	450.05	49.332	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →