Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,201–2,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,201	410.05	450.05	48.522	150000.0	1
2,202	410.1	450.05	48.526	150000.0	1
2,203	410.15	450.05	48.53	150000.0	1
2,204	410.2	450.05	48.534	150000.0	1
2,205	410.25	450.05	48.538	150000.0	1
2,206	410.3	450.05	48.542	150000.0	1
2,207	410.35	450.05	48.546	150000.0	1
2,208	410.4	450.05	48.55	150000.0	1
2,209	410.45	450.05	48.555	150000.0	1
2,210	410.5	450.05	48.559	150000.0	1
2,211	410.55	450.05	48.563	150000.0	1
2,212	410.6	450.05	48.567	150000.0	1
2,213	410.65	450.05	48.571	150000.0	1
2,214	410.7	450.05	48.575	150000.0	1
2,215	410.75	450.05	48.579	150000.0	1
2,216	410.8	450.05	48.583	150000.0	1
2,217	410.85	450.05	48.587	150000.0	1
2,218	410.9	450.05	48.591	150000.0	1
2,219	410.95	450.05	48.595	150000.0	1
2,220	411.0	450.05	48.599	150000.0	1
2,221	411.05	450.05	48.603	150000.0	1
2,222	411.1	450.05	48.607	150000.0	1
2,223	411.15	450.05	48.612	150000.0	1
2,224	411.2	450.05	48.616	150000.0	1
2,225	411.25	450.05	48.62	150000.0	1
2,226	411.3	450.05	48.624	150000.0	1
2,227	411.35	450.05	48.628	150000.0	1
2,228	411.4	450.05	48.632	150000.0	1
2,229	411.45	450.05	48.636	150000.0	1
2,230	411.5	450.05	48.64	150000.0	1
2,231	411.55	450.05	48.644	150000.0	1
2,232	411.6	450.05	48.648	150000.0	1
2,233	411.65	450.05	48.652	150000.0	1
2,234	411.7	450.05	48.656	150000.0	1
2,235	411.75	450.05	48.66	150000.0	1
2,236	411.8	450.05	48.664	150000.0	1
2,237	411.85	450.05	48.668	150000.0	1
2,238	411.9	450.05	48.673	150000.0	1
2,239	411.95	450.05	48.677	150000.0	1
2,240	412.0	450.05	48.681	150000.0	1
2,241	412.05	450.05	48.685	150000.0	1
2,242	412.1	450.05	48.689	150000.0	1
2,243	412.15	450.05	48.693	150000.0	1
2,244	412.2	450.05	48.697	150000.0	1
2,245	412.25	450.05	48.701	150000.0	1
2,246	412.3	450.05	48.705	150000.0	1
2,247	412.35	450.05	48.709	150000.0	1
2,248	412.4	450.05	48.713	150000.0	1
2,249	412.45	450.05	48.717	150000.0	1
2,250	412.5	450.05	48.721	150000.0	1
2,251	412.55	450.05	48.725	150000.0	1
2,252	412.6	450.05	48.729	150000.0	1
2,253	412.65	450.05	48.734	150000.0	1
2,254	412.7	450.05	48.738	150000.0	1
2,255	412.75	450.05	48.742	150000.0	1
2,256	412.8	450.05	48.746	150000.0	1
2,257	412.85	450.05	48.75	150000.0	1
2,258	412.9	450.05	48.754	150000.0	1
2,259	412.95	450.05	48.758	150000.0	1
2,260	413.0	450.05	48.762	150000.0	1
2,261	413.05	450.05	48.766	150000.0	1
2,262	413.1	450.05	48.77	150000.0	1
2,263	413.15	450.05	48.774	150000.0	1
2,264	413.2	450.05	48.778	150000.0	1
2,265	413.25	450.05	48.782	150000.0	1
2,266	413.3	450.05	48.786	150000.0	1
2,267	413.35	450.05	48.791	150000.0	1
2,268	413.4	450.05	48.795	150000.0	1
2,269	413.45	450.05	48.799	150000.0	1
2,270	413.5	450.05	48.803	150000.0	1
2,271	413.55	450.05	48.807	150000.0	1
2,272	413.6	450.05	48.811	150000.0	1
2,273	413.65	450.05	48.815	150000.0	1
2,274	413.7	450.05	48.819	150000.0	1
2,275	413.75	450.05	48.823	150000.0	1
2,276	413.8	450.05	48.827	150000.0	1
2,277	413.85	450.05	48.831	150000.0	1
2,278	413.9	450.05	48.835	150000.0	1
2,279	413.95	450.05	48.839	150000.0	1
2,280	414.0	450.05	48.843	150000.0	1
2,281	414.05	450.05	48.847	150000.0	1
2,282	414.1	450.05	48.852	150000.0	1
2,283	414.15	450.05	48.856	150000.0	1
2,284	414.2	450.05	48.86	150000.0	1
2,285	414.25	450.05	48.864	150000.0	1
2,286	414.3	450.05	48.868	150000.0	1
2,287	414.35	450.05	48.872	150000.0	1
2,288	414.4	450.05	48.876	150000.0	1
2,289	414.45	450.05	48.88	150000.0	1
2,290	414.5	450.05	48.884	150000.0	1
2,291	414.55	450.05	48.888	150000.0	1
2,292	414.6	450.05	48.892	150000.0	1
2,293	414.65	450.05	48.896	150000.0	1
2,294	414.7	450.05	48.9	150000.0	1
2,295	414.75	450.05	48.904	150000.0	1
2,296	414.8	450.05	48.908	150000.0	1
2,297	414.85	450.05	48.913	150000.0	1
2,298	414.9	450.05	48.917	150000.0	1
2,299	414.95	450.05	48.921	150000.0	1
2,300	415.0	450.05	48.925	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →