Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,001–2,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,001	400.05	450.05	47.708	150000.0	1
2,002	400.1	450.05	47.712	150000.0	1
2,003	400.15	450.05	47.717	150000.0	1
2,004	400.2	450.05	47.721	150000.0	1
2,005	400.25	450.05	47.725	150000.0	1
2,006	400.3	450.05	47.729	150000.0	1
2,007	400.35	450.05	47.733	150000.0	1
2,008	400.4	450.05	47.737	150000.0	1
2,009	400.45	450.05	47.741	150000.0	1
2,010	400.5	450.05	47.745	150000.0	1
2,011	400.55	450.05	47.749	150000.0	1
2,012	400.6	450.05	47.753	150000.0	1
2,013	400.65	450.05	47.757	150000.0	1
2,014	400.7	450.05	47.761	150000.0	1
2,015	400.75	450.05	47.765	150000.0	1
2,016	400.8	450.05	47.769	150000.0	1
2,017	400.85	450.05	47.773	150000.0	1
2,018	400.9	450.05	47.778	150000.0	1
2,019	400.95	450.05	47.782	150000.0	1
2,020	401.0	450.05	47.786	150000.0	1
2,021	401.05	450.05	47.79	150000.0	1
2,022	401.1	450.05	47.794	150000.0	1
2,023	401.15	450.05	47.798	150000.0	1
2,024	401.2	450.05	47.802	150000.0	1
2,025	401.25	450.05	47.806	150000.0	1
2,026	401.3	450.05	47.81	150000.0	1
2,027	401.35	450.05	47.814	150000.0	1
2,028	401.4	450.05	47.818	150000.0	1
2,029	401.45	450.05	47.822	150000.0	1
2,030	401.5	450.05	47.826	150000.0	1
2,031	401.55	450.05	47.83	150000.0	1
2,032	401.6	450.05	47.834	150000.0	1
2,033	401.65	450.05	47.839	150000.0	1
2,034	401.7	450.05	47.843	150000.0	1
2,035	401.75	450.05	47.847	150000.0	1
2,036	401.8	450.05	47.851	150000.0	1
2,037	401.85	450.05	47.855	150000.0	1
2,038	401.9	450.05	47.859	150000.0	1
2,039	401.95	450.05	47.863	150000.0	1
2,040	402.0	450.05	47.867	150000.0	1
2,041	402.05	450.05	47.871	150000.0	1
2,042	402.1	450.05	47.875	150000.0	1
2,043	402.15	450.05	47.879	150000.0	1
2,044	402.2	450.05	47.883	150000.0	1
2,045	402.25	450.05	47.887	150000.0	1
2,046	402.3	450.05	47.891	150000.0	1
2,047	402.35	450.05	47.896	150000.0	1
2,048	402.4	450.05	47.9	150000.0	1
2,049	402.45	450.05	47.904	150000.0	1
2,050	402.5	450.05	47.908	150000.0	1
2,051	402.55	450.05	47.912	150000.0	1
2,052	402.6	450.05	47.916	150000.0	1
2,053	402.65	450.05	47.92	150000.0	1
2,054	402.7	450.05	47.924	150000.0	1
2,055	402.75	450.05	47.928	150000.0	1
2,056	402.8	450.05	47.932	150000.0	1
2,057	402.85	450.05	47.936	150000.0	1
2,058	402.9	450.05	47.94	150000.0	1
2,059	402.95	450.05	47.944	150000.0	1
2,060	403.0	450.05	47.948	150000.0	1
2,061	403.05	450.05	47.952	150000.0	1
2,062	403.1	450.05	47.957	150000.0	1
2,063	403.15	450.05	47.961	150000.0	1
2,064	403.2	450.05	47.965	150000.0	1
2,065	403.25	450.05	47.969	150000.0	1
2,066	403.3	450.05	47.973	150000.0	1
2,067	403.35	450.05	47.977	150000.0	1
2,068	403.4	450.05	47.981	150000.0	1
2,069	403.45	450.05	47.985	150000.0	1
2,070	403.5	450.05	47.989	150000.0	1
2,071	403.55	450.05	47.993	150000.0	1
2,072	403.6	450.05	47.997	150000.0	1
2,073	403.65	450.05	48.001	150000.0	1
2,074	403.7	450.05	48.005	150000.0	1
2,075	403.75	450.05	48.009	150000.0	1
2,076	403.8	450.05	48.013	150000.0	1
2,077	403.85	450.05	48.018	150000.0	1
2,078	403.9	450.05	48.022	150000.0	1
2,079	403.95	450.05	48.026	150000.0	1
2,080	404.0	450.05	48.03	150000.0	1
2,081	404.05	450.05	48.034	150000.0	1
2,082	404.1	450.05	48.038	150000.0	1
2,083	404.15	450.05	48.042	150000.0	1
2,084	404.2	450.05	48.046	150000.0	1
2,085	404.25	450.05	48.05	150000.0	1
2,086	404.3	450.05	48.054	150000.0	1
2,087	404.35	450.05	48.058	150000.0	1
2,088	404.4	450.05	48.062	150000.0	1
2,089	404.45	450.05	48.066	150000.0	1
2,090	404.5	450.05	48.07	150000.0	1
2,091	404.55	450.05	48.075	150000.0	1
2,092	404.6	450.05	48.079	150000.0	1
2,093	404.65	450.05	48.083	150000.0	1
2,094	404.7	450.05	48.087	150000.0	1
2,095	404.75	450.05	48.091	150000.0	1
2,096	404.8	450.05	48.095	150000.0	1
2,097	404.85	450.05	48.099	150000.0	1
2,098	404.9	450.05	48.103	150000.0	1
2,099	404.95	450.05	48.107	150000.0	1
2,100	405.0	450.05	48.111	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →