Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,101–2,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,101	405.05	450.05	48.115	150000.0	1
2,102	405.1	450.05	48.119	150000.0	1
2,103	405.15	450.05	48.123	150000.0	1
2,104	405.2	450.05	48.127	150000.0	1
2,105	405.25	450.05	48.131	150000.0	1
2,106	405.3	450.05	48.136	150000.0	1
2,107	405.35	450.05	48.14	150000.0	1
2,108	405.4	450.05	48.144	150000.0	1
2,109	405.45	450.05	48.148	150000.0	1
2,110	405.5	450.05	48.152	150000.0	1
2,111	405.55	450.05	48.156	150000.0	1
2,112	405.6	450.05	48.16	150000.0	1
2,113	405.65	450.05	48.164	150000.0	1
2,114	405.7	450.05	48.168	150000.0	1
2,115	405.75	450.05	48.172	150000.0	1
2,116	405.8	450.05	48.176	150000.0	1
2,117	405.85	450.05	48.18	150000.0	1
2,118	405.9	450.05	48.184	150000.0	1
2,119	405.95	450.05	48.188	150000.0	1
2,120	406.0	450.05	48.192	150000.0	1
2,121	406.05	450.05	48.197	150000.0	1
2,122	406.1	450.05	48.201	150000.0	1
2,123	406.15	450.05	48.205	150000.0	1
2,124	406.2	450.05	48.209	150000.0	1
2,125	406.25	450.05	48.213	150000.0	1
2,126	406.3	450.05	48.217	150000.0	1
2,127	406.35	450.05	48.221	150000.0	1
2,128	406.4	450.05	48.225	150000.0	1
2,129	406.45	450.05	48.229	150000.0	1
2,130	406.5	450.05	48.233	150000.0	1
2,131	406.55	450.05	48.237	150000.0	1
2,132	406.6	450.05	48.241	150000.0	1
2,133	406.65	450.05	48.245	150000.0	1
2,134	406.7	450.05	48.249	150000.0	1
2,135	406.75	450.05	48.254	150000.0	1
2,136	406.8	450.05	48.258	150000.0	1
2,137	406.85	450.05	48.262	150000.0	1
2,138	406.9	450.05	48.266	150000.0	1
2,139	406.95	450.05	48.27	150000.0	1
2,140	407.0	450.05	48.274	150000.0	1
2,141	407.05	450.05	48.278	150000.0	1
2,142	407.1	450.05	48.282	150000.0	1
2,143	407.15	450.05	48.286	150000.0	1
2,144	407.2	450.05	48.29	150000.0	1
2,145	407.25	450.05	48.294	150000.0	1
2,146	407.3	450.05	48.298	150000.0	1
2,147	407.35	450.05	48.302	150000.0	1
2,148	407.4	450.05	48.306	150000.0	1
2,149	407.45	450.05	48.31	150000.0	1
2,150	407.5	450.05	48.315	150000.0	1
2,151	407.55	450.05	48.319	150000.0	1
2,152	407.6	450.05	48.323	150000.0	1
2,153	407.65	450.05	48.327	150000.0	1
2,154	407.7	450.05	48.331	150000.0	1
2,155	407.75	450.05	48.335	150000.0	1
2,156	407.8	450.05	48.339	150000.0	1
2,157	407.85	450.05	48.343	150000.0	1
2,158	407.9	450.05	48.347	150000.0	1
2,159	407.95	450.05	48.351	150000.0	1
2,160	408.0	450.05	48.355	150000.0	1
2,161	408.05	450.05	48.359	150000.0	1
2,162	408.1	450.05	48.363	150000.0	1
2,163	408.15	450.05	48.367	150000.0	1
2,164	408.2	450.05	48.371	150000.0	1
2,165	408.25	450.05	48.376	150000.0	1
2,166	408.3	450.05	48.38	150000.0	1
2,167	408.35	450.05	48.384	150000.0	1
2,168	408.4	450.05	48.388	150000.0	1
2,169	408.45	450.05	48.392	150000.0	1
2,170	408.5	450.05	48.396	150000.0	1
2,171	408.55	450.05	48.4	150000.0	1
2,172	408.6	450.05	48.404	150000.0	1
2,173	408.65	450.05	48.408	150000.0	1
2,174	408.7	450.05	48.412	150000.0	1
2,175	408.75	450.05	48.416	150000.0	1
2,176	408.8	450.05	48.42	150000.0	1
2,177	408.85	450.05	48.424	150000.0	1
2,178	408.9	450.05	48.428	150000.0	1
2,179	408.95	450.05	48.433	150000.0	1
2,180	409.0	450.05	48.437	150000.0	1
2,181	409.05	450.05	48.441	150000.0	1
2,182	409.1	450.05	48.445	150000.0	1
2,183	409.15	450.05	48.449	150000.0	1
2,184	409.2	450.05	48.453	150000.0	1
2,185	409.25	450.05	48.457	150000.0	1
2,186	409.3	450.05	48.461	150000.0	1
2,187	409.35	450.05	48.465	150000.0	1
2,188	409.4	450.05	48.469	150000.0	1
2,189	409.45	450.05	48.473	150000.0	1
2,190	409.5	450.05	48.477	150000.0	1
2,191	409.55	450.05	48.481	150000.0	1
2,192	409.6	450.05	48.485	150000.0	1
2,193	409.65	450.05	48.489	150000.0	1
2,194	409.7	450.05	48.494	150000.0	1
2,195	409.75	450.05	48.498	150000.0	1
2,196	409.8	450.05	48.502	150000.0	1
2,197	409.85	450.05	48.506	150000.0	1
2,198	409.9	450.05	48.51	150000.0	1
2,199	409.95	450.05	48.514	150000.0	1
2,200	410.0	450.05	48.518	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →