Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,501–2,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,501	425.05	450.05	49.742	150000.0	1
2,502	425.1	450.05	49.747	150000.0	1
2,503	425.15	450.05	49.751	150000.0	1
2,504	425.2	450.05	49.755	150000.0	1
2,505	425.25	450.05	49.759	150000.0	1
2,506	425.3	450.05	49.763	150000.0	1
2,507	425.35	450.05	49.767	150000.0	1
2,508	425.4	450.05	49.771	150000.0	1
2,509	425.45	450.05	49.775	150000.0	1
2,510	425.5	450.05	49.779	150000.0	1
2,511	425.55	450.05	49.783	150000.0	1
2,512	425.6	450.05	49.787	150000.0	1
2,513	425.65	450.05	49.791	150000.0	1
2,514	425.7	450.05	49.795	150000.0	1
2,515	425.75	450.05	49.799	150000.0	1
2,516	425.8	450.05	49.803	150000.0	1
2,517	425.85	450.05	49.808	150000.0	1
2,518	425.9	450.05	49.812	150000.0	1
2,519	425.95	450.05	49.816	150000.0	1
2,520	426.0	450.05	49.82	150000.0	1
2,521	426.05	450.05	49.824	150000.0	1
2,522	426.1	450.05	49.828	150000.0	1
2,523	426.15	450.05	49.832	150000.0	1
2,524	426.2	450.05	49.836	150000.0	1
2,525	426.25	450.05	49.84	150000.0	1
2,526	426.3	450.05	49.844	150000.0	1
2,527	426.35	450.05	49.848	150000.0	1
2,528	426.4	450.05	49.852	150000.0	1
2,529	426.45	450.05	49.856	150000.0	1
2,530	426.5	450.05	49.86	150000.0	1
2,531	426.55	450.05	49.865	150000.0	1
2,532	426.6	450.05	49.869	150000.0	1
2,533	426.65	450.05	49.873	150000.0	1
2,534	426.7	450.05	49.877	150000.0	1
2,535	426.75	450.05	49.881	150000.0	1
2,536	426.8	450.05	49.885	150000.0	1
2,537	426.85	450.05	49.889	150000.0	1
2,538	426.9	450.05	49.893	150000.0	1
2,539	426.95	450.05	49.897	150000.0	1
2,540	427.0	450.05	49.901	150000.0	1
2,541	427.05	450.05	49.905	150000.0	1
2,542	427.1	450.05	49.909	150000.0	1
2,543	427.15	450.05	49.913	150000.0	1
2,544	427.2	450.05	49.917	150000.0	1
2,545	427.25	450.05	49.921	150000.0	1
2,546	427.3	450.05	49.926	150000.0	1
2,547	427.35	450.05	49.93	150000.0	1
2,548	427.4	450.05	49.934	150000.0	1
2,549	427.45	450.05	49.938	150000.0	1
2,550	427.5	450.05	49.942	150000.0	1
2,551	427.55	450.05	49.946	150000.0	1
2,552	427.6	450.05	49.95	150000.0	1
2,553	427.65	450.05	49.954	150000.0	1
2,554	427.7	450.05	49.958	150000.0	1
2,555	427.75	450.05	49.962	150000.0	1
2,556	427.8	450.05	49.966	150000.0	1
2,557	427.85	450.05	49.97	150000.0	1
2,558	427.9	450.05	49.974	150000.0	1
2,559	427.95	450.05	49.978	150000.0	1
2,560	428.0	450.05	49.982	150000.0	1
2,561	428.05	450.05	49.987	150000.0	1
2,562	428.1	450.05	49.991	150000.0	1
2,563	428.15	450.05	49.995	150000.0	1
2,564	428.2	450.05	49.999	150000.0	1
2,565	428.25	450.05	50.003	150000.0	1
2,566	428.3	450.05	50.007	150000.0	1
2,567	428.35	450.05	50.011	150000.0	1
2,568	428.4	450.05	50.015	150000.0	1
2,569	428.45	450.05	50.019	150000.0	1
2,570	428.5	450.05	50.023	150000.0	1
2,571	428.55	450.05	50.027	150000.0	1
2,572	428.6	450.05	50.031	150000.0	1
2,573	428.65	450.05	50.035	150000.0	1
2,574	428.7	450.05	50.039	150000.0	1
2,575	428.75	450.05	50.044	150000.0	1
2,576	428.8	450.05	50.048	150000.0	1
2,577	428.85	450.05	50.052	150000.0	1
2,578	428.9	450.05	50.056	150000.0	1
2,579	428.95	450.05	50.06	150000.0	1
2,580	429.0	450.05	50.064	150000.0	1
2,581	429.05	450.05	50.068	150000.0	1
2,582	429.1	450.05	50.072	150000.0	1
2,583	429.15	450.05	50.076	150000.0	1
2,584	429.2	450.05	50.08	150000.0	1
2,585	429.25	450.05	50.084	150000.0	1
2,586	429.3	450.05	50.088	150000.0	1
2,587	429.35	450.05	50.092	150000.0	1
2,588	429.4	450.05	50.096	150000.0	1
2,589	429.45	450.05	50.1	150000.0	1
2,590	429.5	450.05	50.105	150000.0	1
2,591	429.55	450.05	50.109	150000.0	1
2,592	429.6	450.05	50.113	150000.0	1
2,593	429.65	450.05	50.117	150000.0	1
2,594	429.7	450.05	50.121	150000.0	1
2,595	429.75	450.05	50.125	150000.0	1
2,596	429.8	450.05	50.129	150000.0	1
2,597	429.85	450.05	50.133	150000.0	1
2,598	429.9	450.05	50.137	150000.0	1
2,599	429.95	450.05	50.141	150000.0	1
2,600	430.0	450.05	50.145	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →