Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,601–2,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,601	430.05	450.05	50.149	150000.0	1
2,602	430.1	450.05	50.153	150000.0	1
2,603	430.15	450.05	50.157	150000.0	1
2,604	430.2	450.05	50.161	150000.0	1
2,605	430.25	450.05	50.166	150000.0	1
2,606	430.3	450.05	50.17	150000.0	1
2,607	430.35	450.05	50.174	150000.0	1
2,608	430.4	450.05	50.178	150000.0	1
2,609	430.45	450.05	50.182	150000.0	1
2,610	430.5	450.05	50.186	150000.0	1
2,611	430.55	450.05	50.19	150000.0	1
2,612	430.6	450.05	50.194	150000.0	1
2,613	430.65	450.05	50.198	150000.0	1
2,614	430.7	450.05	50.202	150000.0	1
2,615	430.75	450.05	50.206	150000.0	1
2,616	430.8	450.05	50.21	150000.0	1
2,617	430.85	450.05	50.214	150000.0	1
2,618	430.9	450.05	50.218	150000.0	1
2,619	430.95	450.05	50.223	150000.0	1
2,620	431.0	450.05	50.227	150000.0	1
2,621	431.05	450.05	50.231	150000.0	1
2,622	431.1	450.05	50.235	150000.0	1
2,623	431.15	450.05	50.239	150000.0	1
2,624	431.2	450.05	50.243	150000.0	1
2,625	431.25	450.05	50.247	150000.0	1
2,626	431.3	450.05	50.251	150000.0	1
2,627	431.35	450.05	50.255	150000.0	1
2,628	431.4	450.05	50.259	150000.0	1
2,629	431.45	450.05	50.263	150000.0	1
2,630	431.5	450.05	50.267	150000.0	1
2,631	431.55	450.05	50.271	150000.0	1
2,632	431.6	450.05	50.275	150000.0	1
2,633	431.65	450.05	50.279	150000.0	1
2,634	431.7	450.05	50.284	150000.0	1
2,635	431.75	450.05	50.288	150000.0	1
2,636	431.8	450.05	50.292	150000.0	1
2,637	431.85	450.05	50.296	150000.0	1
2,638	431.9	450.05	50.3	150000.0	1
2,639	431.95	450.05	50.304	150000.0	1
2,640	432.0	450.05	50.308	150000.0	1
2,641	432.05	450.05	50.312	150000.0	1
2,642	432.1	450.05	50.316	150000.0	1
2,643	432.15	450.05	50.32	150000.0	1
2,644	432.2	450.05	50.324	150000.0	1
2,645	432.25	450.05	50.328	150000.0	1
2,646	432.3	450.05	50.332	150000.0	1
2,647	432.35	450.05	50.336	150000.0	1
2,648	432.4	450.05	50.34	150000.0	1
2,649	432.45	450.05	50.345	150000.0	1
2,650	432.5	450.05	50.349	150000.0	1
2,651	432.55	450.05	50.353	150000.0	1
2,652	432.6	450.05	50.357	150000.0	1
2,653	432.65	450.05	50.361	150000.0	1
2,654	432.7	450.05	50.365	150000.0	1
2,655	432.75	450.05	50.369	150000.0	1
2,656	432.8	450.05	50.373	150000.0	1
2,657	432.85	450.05	50.377	150000.0	1
2,658	432.9	450.05	50.381	150000.0	1
2,659	432.95	450.05	50.385	150000.0	1
2,660	433.0	450.05	50.389	150000.0	1
2,661	433.05	450.05	50.393	150000.0	1
2,662	433.1	450.05	50.397	150000.0	1
2,663	433.15	450.05	50.402	150000.0	1
2,664	433.2	450.05	50.406	150000.0	1
2,665	433.25	450.05	50.41	150000.0	1
2,666	433.3	450.05	50.414	150000.0	1
2,667	433.35	450.05	50.418	150000.0	1
2,668	433.4	450.05	50.422	150000.0	1
2,669	433.45	450.05	50.426	150000.0	1
2,670	433.5	450.05	50.43	150000.0	1
2,671	433.55	450.05	50.434	150000.0	1
2,672	433.6	450.05	50.438	150000.0	1
2,673	433.65	450.05	50.442	150000.0	1
2,674	433.7	450.05	50.446	150000.0	1
2,675	433.75	450.05	50.45	150000.0	1
2,676	433.8	450.05	50.454	150000.0	1
2,677	433.85	450.05	50.458	150000.0	1
2,678	433.9	450.05	50.463	150000.0	1
2,679	433.95	450.05	50.467	150000.0	1
2,680	434.0	450.05	50.471	150000.0	1
2,681	434.05	450.05	50.475	150000.0	1
2,682	434.1	450.05	50.479	150000.0	1
2,683	434.15	450.05	50.483	150000.0	1
2,684	434.2	450.05	50.487	150000.0	1
2,685	434.25	450.05	50.491	150000.0	1
2,686	434.3	450.05	50.495	150000.0	1
2,687	434.35	450.05	50.499	150000.0	1
2,688	434.4	450.05	50.503	150000.0	1
2,689	434.45	450.05	50.507	150000.0	1
2,690	434.5	450.05	50.511	150000.0	1
2,691	434.55	450.05	50.515	150000.0	1
2,692	434.6	450.05	50.519	150000.0	1
2,693	434.65	450.05	50.524	150000.0	1
2,694	434.7	450.05	50.528	150000.0	1
2,695	434.75	450.05	50.532	150000.0	1
2,696	434.8	450.05	50.536	150000.0	1
2,697	434.85	450.05	50.54	150000.0	1
2,698	434.9	450.05	50.544	150000.0	1
2,699	434.95	450.05	50.548	150000.0	1
2,700	435.0	450.05	50.552	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →