Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

2,801–2,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max
2,801	440.05	450.05	50.963	150000.0	1
2,802	440.1	450.05	50.967	150000.0	1
2,803	440.15	450.05	50.971	150000.0	1
2,804	440.2	450.05	50.975	150000.0	1
2,805	440.25	450.05	50.979	150000.0	1
2,806	440.3	450.05	50.983	150000.0	1
2,807	440.35	450.05	50.987	150000.0	1
2,808	440.4	450.05	50.991	150000.0	1
2,809	440.45	450.05	50.995	150000.0	1
2,810	440.5	450.05	51.0	150000.0	1
2,811	440.55	450.05	51.004	150000.0	1
2,812	440.6	450.05	51.008	150000.0	1
2,813	440.65	450.05	51.012	150000.0	1
2,814	440.7	450.05	51.016	150000.0	1
2,815	440.75	450.05	51.02	150000.0	1
2,816	440.8	450.05	51.024	150000.0	1
2,817	440.85	450.05	51.028	150000.0	1
2,818	440.9	450.05	51.032	150000.0	1
2,819	440.95	450.05	51.036	150000.0	1
2,820	441.0	450.05	51.04	150000.0	1
2,821	441.05	450.05	51.044	150000.0	1
2,822	441.1	450.05	51.048	150000.0	1
2,823	441.15	450.05	51.052	150000.0	1
2,824	441.2	450.05	51.056	150000.0	1
2,825	441.25	450.05	51.061	150000.0	1
2,826	441.3	450.05	51.065	150000.0	1
2,827	441.35	450.05	51.069	150000.0	1
2,828	441.4	450.05	51.073	150000.0	1
2,829	441.45	450.05	51.077	150000.0	1
2,830	441.5	450.05	51.081	150000.0	1
2,831	441.55	450.05	51.085	150000.0	1
2,832	441.6	450.05	51.089	150000.0	1
2,833	441.65	450.05	51.093	150000.0	1
2,834	441.7	450.05	51.097	150000.0	1
2,835	441.75	450.05	51.101	150000.0	1
2,836	441.8	450.05	51.105	150000.0	1
2,837	441.85	450.05	51.109	150000.0	1
2,838	441.9	450.05	51.113	150000.0	1
2,839	441.95	450.05	51.117	150000.0	1
2,840	442.0	450.05	51.122	150000.0	1
2,841	442.05	450.05	51.126	150000.0	1
2,842	442.1	450.05	51.13	150000.0	1
2,843	442.15	450.05	51.134	150000.0	1
2,844	442.2	450.05	51.138	150000.0	1
2,845	442.25	450.05	51.142	150000.0	1
2,846	442.3	450.05	51.146	150000.0	1
2,847	442.35	450.05	51.15	150000.0	1
2,848	442.4	450.05	51.154	150000.0	1
2,849	442.45	450.05	51.158	150000.0	1
2,850	442.5	450.05	51.162	150000.0	1
2,851	442.55	450.05	51.166	150000.0	1
2,852	442.6	450.05	51.17	150000.0	1
2,853	442.65	450.05	51.174	150000.0	1
2,854	442.7	450.05	51.179	150000.0	1
2,855	442.75	450.05	51.183	150000.0	1
2,856	442.8	450.05	51.187	150000.0	1
2,857	442.85	450.05	51.191	150000.0	1
2,858	442.9	450.05	51.195	150000.0	1
2,859	442.95	450.05	51.199	150000.0	1
2,860	443.0	450.05	51.203	150000.0	1
2,861	443.05	450.05	51.207	150000.0	1
2,862	443.1	450.05	51.211	150000.0	1
2,863	443.15	450.05	51.215	150000.0	1
2,864	443.2	450.05	51.219	150000.0	1
2,865	443.25	450.05	51.223	150000.0	1
2,866	443.3	450.05	51.227	150000.0	1
2,867	443.35	450.05	51.231	150000.0	1
2,868	443.4	450.05	51.235	150000.0	1
2,869	443.45	450.05	51.24	150000.0	1
2,870	443.5	450.05	51.244	150000.0	1
2,871	443.55	450.05	51.248	150000.0	1
2,872	443.6	450.05	51.252	150000.0	1
2,873	443.65	450.05	51.256	150000.0	1
2,874	443.7	450.05	51.26	150000.0	1
2,875	443.75	450.05	51.264	150000.0	1
2,876	443.8	450.05	51.268	150000.0	1
2,877	443.85	450.05	51.272	150000.0	1
2,878	443.9	450.05	51.276	150000.0	1
2,879	443.95	450.05	51.28	150000.0	1
2,880	444.0	450.05	51.284	150000.0	1
2,881	444.05	450.05	51.288	150000.0	1
2,882	444.1	450.05	51.292	150000.0	1
2,883	444.15	450.05	51.296	150000.0	1
2,884	444.2	450.05	51.301	150000.0	1
2,885	444.25	450.05	51.305	150000.0	1
2,886	444.3	450.05	51.309	150000.0	1
2,887	444.35	450.05	51.313	150000.0	1
2,888	444.4	450.05	51.317	150000.0	1
2,889	444.45	450.05	51.321	150000.0	1
2,890	444.5	450.05	51.325	150000.0	1
2,891	444.55	450.05	51.329	150000.0	1
2,892	444.6	450.05	51.333	150000.0	1
2,893	444.65	450.05	51.337	150000.0	1
2,894	444.7	450.05	51.341	150000.0	1
2,895	444.75	450.05	51.345	150000.0	1
2,896	444.8	450.05	51.349	150000.0	1
2,897	444.85	450.05	51.353	150000.0	1
2,898	444.9	450.05	51.358	150000.0	1
2,899	444.95	450.05	51.362	150000.0	1
2,900	445.0	450.05	51.366	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →