Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,701–23,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,701	1485.05	424.29	111.476	0.6764	150000.0	1
23,702	1485.1	424.29	111.481	0.0	150000.0	1
23,703	1485.15	424.26	111.452	0.0	150000.0	1
23,704	1485.2	424.23	111.424	0.6678	150000.0	1
23,705	1485.25	424.23	111.428	0.0	150000.0	1
23,706	1485.3	424.19	111.399	0.0	150000.0	1
23,707	1485.35	424.16	111.371	0.6592	150000.0	1
23,708	1485.4	424.16	111.375	0.0	150000.0	1
23,709	1485.45	424.13	111.347	0.0	150000.0	1
23,710	1485.5	424.1	111.318	0.6507	150000.0	1
23,711	1485.55	424.1	111.323	0.0	150000.0	1
23,712	1485.6	424.06	111.294	0.0	150000.0	1
23,713	1485.65	424.03	111.266	0.6423	150000.0	1
23,714	1485.7	424.03	111.27	0.0	150000.0	1
23,715	1485.75	424.0	111.242	0.0	150000.0	1
23,716	1485.8	423.97	111.214	0.6339	150000.0	1
23,717	1485.85	423.97	111.218	0.0	150000.0	1
23,718	1485.9	423.94	111.19	0.0	150000.0	1
23,719	1485.95	423.9	111.162	0.6256	150000.0	1
23,720	1486.0	423.9	111.167	0.0	150000.0	1
23,721	1486.05	423.87	111.139	0.0	150000.0	1
23,722	1486.1	423.84	111.111	0.6173	150000.0	1
23,723	1486.15	423.84	111.115	0.0	150000.0	1
23,724	1486.2	423.81	111.088	0.0	150000.0	1
23,725	1486.25	423.78	111.06	0.6091	150000.0	1
23,726	1486.3	423.78	111.064	0.0	150000.0	1
23,727	1486.35	423.75	111.036	0.0	150000.0	1
23,728	1486.4	423.71	111.009	0.6009	150000.0	1
23,729	1486.45	423.71	111.013	0.0	150000.0	1
23,730	1486.5	423.68	110.986	0.0	150000.0	1
23,731	1486.55	423.65	110.958	0.5928	150000.0	1
23,732	1486.6	423.65	110.962	0.0	150000.0	1
23,733	1486.65	423.62	110.935	0.0	150000.0	1
23,734	1486.7	423.59	110.908	0.5847	150000.0	1
23,735	1486.75	423.59	110.912	0.0	150000.0	1
23,736	1486.8	423.56	110.885	0.0	150000.0	1
23,737	1486.85	423.53	110.857	0.5767	150000.0	1
23,738	1486.9	423.53	110.862	0.0	150000.0	1
23,739	1486.95	423.49	110.835	0.0	150000.0	1
23,740	1487.0	423.46	110.807	0.5688	150000.0	1
23,741	1487.05	423.46	110.812	0.0	150000.0	1
23,742	1487.1	423.43	110.785	0.0	150000.0	1
23,743	1487.15	423.4	110.758	0.5609	150000.0	1
23,744	1487.2	423.4	110.762	0.0	150000.0	1
23,745	1487.25	423.37	110.735	0.0	150000.0	1
23,746	1487.3	423.34	110.708	0.553	150000.0	1
23,747	1487.35	423.34	110.713	0.0	150000.0	1
23,748	1487.4	423.31	110.686	0.0	150000.0	1
23,749	1487.45	423.28	110.659	0.5452	150000.0	1
23,750	1487.5	423.28	110.663	0.0	150000.0	1
23,751	1487.55	423.25	110.637	0.0	150000.0	1
23,752	1487.6	423.22	110.61	0.5375	150000.0	1
23,753	1487.65	423.22	110.614	0.0	150000.0	1
23,754	1487.7	423.19	110.588	0.0	150000.0	1
23,755	1487.75	423.16	110.561	0.5298	150000.0	1
23,756	1487.8	423.16	110.566	0.0	150000.0	1
23,757	1487.85	423.13	110.539	0.0	150000.0	1
23,758	1487.9	423.1	110.513	0.5221	150000.0	1
23,759	1487.95	423.1	110.517	0.0	150000.0	1
23,760	1488.0	423.07	110.491	0.0	150000.0	1
23,761	1488.05	423.04	110.464	0.5145	150000.0	1
23,762	1488.1	423.04	110.469	0.0	150000.0	1
23,763	1488.15	423.01	110.442	0.0	150000.0	1
23,764	1488.2	422.98	110.416	0.507	150000.0	1
23,765	1488.25	422.98	110.421	0.0	150000.0	1
23,766	1488.3	422.95	110.395	0.0	150000.0	1
23,767	1488.35	422.92	110.368	0.4995	150000.0	1
23,768	1488.4	422.92	110.373	0.0	150000.0	1
23,769	1488.45	422.89	110.347	0.0	150000.0	1
23,770	1488.5	422.86	110.321	0.492	150000.0	1
23,771	1488.55	422.86	110.325	0.0	150000.0	1
23,772	1488.6	422.83	110.299	0.0	150000.0	1
23,773	1488.65	422.8	110.274	0.4846	150000.0	1
23,774	1488.7	422.8	110.278	0.0	150000.0	1
23,775	1488.75	422.77	110.252	0.0	150000.0	1
23,776	1488.8	422.74	110.226	0.4773	150000.0	1
23,777	1488.85	422.74	110.231	0.0	150000.0	1
23,778	1488.9	422.71	110.205	0.0	150000.0	1
23,779	1488.95	422.68	110.18	0.47	150000.0	1
23,780	1489.0	422.68	110.184	0.0	150000.0	1
23,781	1489.05	422.65	110.158	0.0	150000.0	1
23,782	1489.1	422.62	110.133	0.4627	150000.0	1
23,783	1489.15	422.62	110.137	0.0	150000.0	1
23,784	1489.2	422.59	110.112	0.0	150000.0	1
23,785	1489.25	422.56	110.086	0.4555	150000.0	1
23,786	1489.3	422.56	110.091	0.0	150000.0	1
23,787	1489.35	422.53	110.065	0.0	150000.0	1
23,788	1489.4	422.5	110.04	0.4484	150000.0	1
23,789	1489.45	422.5	110.045	0.0	150000.0	1
23,790	1489.5	422.47	110.019	0.0	150000.0	1
23,791	1489.55	422.44	109.994	0.4412	150000.0	1
23,792	1489.6	422.44	109.999	0.0	150000.0	1
23,793	1489.65	422.42	109.973	0.0	150000.0	1
23,794	1489.7	422.39	109.948	0.4342	150000.0	1
23,795	1489.75	422.39	109.953	0.0	150000.0	1
23,796	1489.8	422.36	109.928	0.0	150000.0	1
23,797	1489.85	422.33	109.903	0.4271	150000.0	1
23,798	1489.9	422.33	109.907	0.0	150000.0	1
23,799	1489.95	422.3	109.882	0.0	150000.0	1
23,800	1490.0	422.27	109.858	0.4202	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →