Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,601–23,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,601	1480.05	427.46	114.227	0.1775	150000.0	1
23,602	1480.1	427.43	114.192	0.0	150000.0	1
23,603	1480.15	427.39	114.157	0.1706	150000.0	1
23,604	1480.2	427.35	114.122	0.0	150000.0	1
23,605	1480.25	427.31	114.087	0.1639	150000.0	1
23,606	1480.3	427.27	114.052	0.0	150000.0	1
23,607	1480.35	427.23	114.017	0.1571	150000.0	1
23,608	1480.4	427.19	113.982	0.0	150000.0	1
23,609	1480.45	427.15	113.948	0.1505	150000.0	1
23,610	1480.5	427.11	113.913	0.0	150000.0	1
23,611	1480.55	427.07	113.878	0.1438	150000.0	1
23,612	1480.6	427.03	113.844	0.0	150000.0	1
23,613	1480.65	426.99	113.81	0.1372	150000.0	1
23,614	1480.7	426.96	113.775	0.0	150000.0	1
23,615	1480.75	426.92	113.741	0.1307	150000.0	1
23,616	1480.8	426.88	113.707	0.0	150000.0	1
23,617	1480.85	426.84	113.673	0.1242	150000.0	1
23,618	1480.9	426.8	113.639	0.0	150000.0	1
23,619	1480.95	426.76	113.605	0.1177	150000.0	1
23,620	1481.0	426.73	113.572	0.0	150000.0	1
23,621	1481.05	426.69	113.538	0.1113	150000.0	1
23,622	1481.1	426.65	113.504	0.0	150000.0	1
23,623	1481.15	426.61	113.471	0.105	150000.0	1
23,624	1481.2	426.57	113.437	0.0	150000.0	1
23,625	1481.25	426.54	113.404	0.0987	150000.0	1
23,626	1481.3	426.5	113.371	0.0	150000.0	1
23,627	1481.35	426.46	113.338	0.0924	150000.0	1
23,628	1481.4	426.42	113.304	0.0	150000.0	1
23,629	1481.45	426.39	113.271	0.1293	150000.0	1
23,630	1481.5	426.35	113.238	0.0	150000.0	1
23,631	1481.55	426.31	113.206	0.0843	150000.0	1
23,632	1481.6	426.28	113.173	0.0	150000.0	1
23,633	1481.65	426.24	113.14	0.183	150000.0	1
23,634	1481.7	426.2	113.107	0.0	150000.0	1
23,635	1481.75	426.16	113.075	0.0787	150000.0	1
23,636	1481.8	426.13	113.042	0.0	150000.0	1
23,637	1481.85	426.09	113.01	0.2178	150000.0	1
23,638	1481.9	426.05	112.977	0.0	150000.0	1
23,639	1481.95	426.02	112.945	0.0713	150000.0	1
23,640	1482.0	425.98	112.913	0.0	150000.0	1
23,641	1482.05	425.95	112.881	0.2712	150000.0	1
23,642	1482.1	425.91	112.849	0.0	150000.0	1
23,643	1482.15	425.87	112.817	0.0659	150000.0	1
23,644	1482.2	425.84	112.785	0.0	150000.0	1
23,645	1482.25	425.8	112.753	0.3081	150000.0	1
23,646	1482.3	425.76	112.721	0.0	150000.0	1
23,647	1482.35	425.73	112.69	0.059	150000.0	1
23,648	1482.4	425.69	112.658	0.0	150000.0	1
23,649	1482.45	425.66	112.627	0.3632	150000.0	1
23,650	1482.5	425.62	112.595	0.0	150000.0	1
23,651	1482.55	425.59	112.564	0.0541	150000.0	1
23,652	1482.6	425.55	112.533	0.0	150000.0	1
23,653	1482.65	425.52	112.501	0.4008	150000.0	1
23,654	1482.7	425.48	112.47	0.0	150000.0	1
23,655	1482.75	425.44	112.439	0.0476	150000.0	1
23,656	1482.8	425.41	112.408	0.0	150000.0	1
23,657	1482.85	425.37	112.377	0.46	150000.0	1
23,658	1482.9	425.34	112.346	0.0	150000.0	1
23,659	1482.95	425.3	112.316	0.0434	150000.0	1
23,660	1483.0	425.27	112.285	0.0	150000.0	1
23,661	1483.05	425.24	112.254	0.4957	150000.0	1
23,662	1483.1	425.2	112.224	0.0	150000.0	1
23,663	1483.15	425.17	112.193	0.037	150000.0	1
23,664	1483.2	425.13	112.163	0.0	150000.0	1
23,665	1483.25	425.1	112.133	0.5635	150000.0	1
23,666	1483.3	425.1	112.137	0.0	150000.0	1
23,667	1483.35	425.06	112.107	0.0	150000.0	1
23,668	1483.4	425.03	112.076	0.7529	150000.0	1
23,669	1483.45	425.03	112.081	0.0	150000.0	1
23,670	1483.5	424.99	112.051	0.0	150000.0	1
23,671	1483.55	424.96	112.021	0.7635	150000.0	1
23,672	1483.6	424.96	112.025	0.0	150000.0	1
23,673	1483.65	424.93	111.995	0.0	150000.0	1
23,674	1483.7	424.89	111.965	0.7563	150000.0	1
23,675	1483.75	424.89	111.969	0.0	150000.0	1
23,676	1483.8	424.86	111.939	0.0	150000.0	1
23,677	1483.85	424.82	111.91	0.7474	150000.0	1
23,678	1483.9	424.82	111.914	0.0	150000.0	1
23,679	1483.95	424.79	111.884	0.0	150000.0	1
23,680	1484.0	424.76	111.855	0.7383	150000.0	1
23,681	1484.05	424.76	111.859	0.0	150000.0	1
23,682	1484.1	424.72	111.829	0.0	150000.0	1
23,683	1484.15	424.69	111.8	0.7293	150000.0	1
23,684	1484.2	424.69	111.804	0.0	150000.0	1
23,685	1484.25	424.66	111.775	0.0	150000.0	1
23,686	1484.3	424.62	111.745	0.7203	150000.0	1
23,687	1484.35	424.62	111.75	0.0	150000.0	1
23,688	1484.4	424.59	111.72	0.0	150000.0	1
23,689	1484.45	424.56	111.691	0.7114	150000.0	1
23,690	1484.5	424.56	111.695	0.0	150000.0	1
23,691	1484.55	424.52	111.666	0.0	150000.0	1
23,692	1484.6	424.49	111.637	0.7026	150000.0	1
23,693	1484.65	424.49	111.641	0.0	150000.0	1
23,694	1484.7	424.46	111.612	0.0	150000.0	1
23,695	1484.75	424.42	111.583	0.6938	150000.0	1
23,696	1484.8	424.42	111.588	0.0	150000.0	1
23,697	1484.85	424.39	111.559	0.0	150000.0	1
23,698	1484.9	424.36	111.53	0.685	150000.0	1
23,699	1484.95	424.36	111.534	0.0	150000.0	1
23,700	1485.0	424.32	111.505	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →