Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,801–23,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,801	1490.05	422.27	109.862	0.0	150000.0	1
23,802	1490.1	422.24	109.837	0.0	150000.0	1
23,803	1490.15	422.22	109.813	0.4132	150000.0	1
23,804	1490.2	422.22	109.817	0.0	150000.0	1
23,805	1490.25	422.19	109.792	0.0	150000.0	1
23,806	1490.3	422.16	109.768	0.4063	150000.0	1
23,807	1490.35	422.13	109.743	0.0	150000.0	1
23,808	1490.4	422.1	109.719	0.0	150000.0	1
23,809	1490.45	422.07	109.694	0.4585	150000.0	1
23,810	1490.5	422.07	109.699	0.0	150000.0	1
23,811	1490.55	422.05	109.674	0.0	150000.0	1
23,812	1490.6	422.02	109.65	0.3948	150000.0	1
23,813	1490.65	421.99	109.626	0.0	150000.0	1
23,814	1490.7	421.96	109.602	0.0	150000.0	1
23,815	1490.75	421.93	109.578	0.4407	150000.0	1
23,816	1490.8	421.93	109.582	0.0	150000.0	1
23,817	1490.85	421.91	109.558	0.0	150000.0	1
23,818	1490.9	421.88	109.534	0.3772	150000.0	1
23,819	1490.95	421.85	109.51	0.0	150000.0	1
23,820	1491.0	421.82	109.486	0.0	150000.0	1
23,821	1491.05	421.79	109.462	0.4225	150000.0	1
23,822	1491.1	421.79	109.467	0.0	150000.0	1
23,823	1491.15	421.77	109.443	0.0	150000.0	1
23,824	1491.2	421.74	109.419	0.3598	150000.0	1
23,825	1491.25	421.71	109.396	0.0	150000.0	1
23,826	1491.3	421.68	109.372	0.0	150000.0	1
23,827	1491.35	421.66	109.348	0.4046	150000.0	1
23,828	1491.4	421.66	109.353	0.0	150000.0	1
23,829	1491.45	421.63	109.329	0.0	150000.0	1
23,830	1491.5	421.6	109.306	0.3427	150000.0	1
23,831	1491.55	421.58	109.282	0.0	150000.0	1
23,832	1491.6	421.55	109.259	0.0	150000.0	1
23,833	1491.65	421.52	109.236	0.3869	150000.0	1
23,834	1491.7	421.52	109.24	0.0	150000.0	1
23,835	1491.75	421.49	109.217	0.0	150000.0	1
23,836	1491.8	421.47	109.194	0.3259	150000.0	1
23,837	1491.85	421.44	109.171	0.0	150000.0	1
23,838	1491.9	421.41	109.148	0.0	150000.0	1
23,839	1491.95	421.39	109.125	0.3696	150000.0	1
23,840	1492.0	421.36	109.102	0.0	150000.0	1
23,841	1492.05	421.33	109.079	0.0	150000.0	1
23,842	1492.1	421.31	109.056	0.3644	150000.0	1
23,843	1492.15	421.28	109.033	0.0	150000.0	1
23,844	1492.2	421.25	109.011	0.0	150000.0	1
23,845	1492.25	421.23	108.988	0.3543	150000.0	1
23,846	1492.3	421.2	108.966	0.0	150000.0	1
23,847	1492.35	421.18	108.943	0.0	150000.0	1
23,848	1492.4	421.15	108.921	0.3439	150000.0	1
23,849	1492.45	421.12	108.898	0.0	150000.0	1
23,850	1492.5	421.1	108.876	0.0	150000.0	1
23,851	1492.55	421.07	108.853	0.3336	150000.0	1
23,852	1492.6	421.05	108.831	0.0	150000.0	1
23,853	1492.65	421.02	108.809	0.0	150000.0	1
23,854	1492.7	420.99	108.787	0.3233	150000.0	1
23,855	1492.75	420.97	108.765	0.0	150000.0	1
23,856	1492.8	420.94	108.743	0.0	150000.0	1
23,857	1492.85	420.92	108.721	0.3131	150000.0	1
23,858	1492.9	420.89	108.699	0.0	150000.0	1
23,859	1492.95	420.86	108.677	0.0	150000.0	1
23,860	1493.0	420.84	108.655	0.3031	150000.0	1
23,861	1493.05	420.81	108.633	0.0	150000.0	1
23,862	1493.1	420.79	108.612	0.0	150000.0	1
23,863	1493.15	420.76	108.59	0.2931	150000.0	1
23,864	1493.2	420.74	108.569	0.0	150000.0	1
23,865	1493.25	420.71	108.547	0.0	150000.0	1
23,866	1493.3	420.69	108.526	0.2832	150000.0	1
23,867	1493.35	420.66	108.504	0.0	150000.0	1
23,868	1493.4	420.64	108.483	0.0	150000.0	1
23,869	1493.45	420.61	108.461	0.2734	150000.0	1
23,870	1493.5	420.59	108.44	0.0	150000.0	1
23,871	1493.55	420.56	108.419	0.0	150000.0	1
23,872	1493.6	420.54	108.398	0.2637	150000.0	1
23,873	1493.65	420.51	108.377	0.0	150000.0	1
23,874	1493.7	420.49	108.356	0.0	150000.0	1
23,875	1493.75	420.46	108.335	0.2541	150000.0	1
23,876	1493.8	420.44	108.314	0.0	150000.0	1
23,877	1493.85	420.41	108.293	0.0	150000.0	1
23,878	1493.9	420.39	108.272	0.2446	150000.0	1
23,879	1493.95	420.36	108.251	0.0	150000.0	1
23,880	1494.0	420.34	108.23	0.0	150000.0	1
23,881	1494.05	420.32	108.21	0.2352	150000.0	1
23,882	1494.1	420.29	108.189	0.0	150000.0	1
23,883	1494.15	420.27	108.168	0.0	150000.0	1
23,884	1494.2	420.24	108.148	0.2259	150000.0	1
23,885	1494.25	420.22	108.127	0.0	150000.0	1
23,886	1494.3	420.19	108.107	0.0	150000.0	1
23,887	1494.35	420.17	108.087	0.2166	150000.0	1
23,888	1494.4	420.15	108.066	0.0	150000.0	1
23,889	1494.45	420.12	108.046	0.0	150000.0	1
23,890	1494.5	420.1	108.026	0.2075	150000.0	1
23,891	1494.55	420.07	108.006	0.0	150000.0	1
23,892	1494.6	420.05	107.985	0.0	150000.0	1
23,893	1494.65	420.03	107.965	0.1984	150000.0	1
23,894	1494.7	420.0	107.945	0.0	150000.0	1
23,895	1494.75	419.98	107.925	0.0	150000.0	1
23,896	1494.8	419.96	107.905	0.1894	150000.0	1
23,897	1494.85	419.93	107.886	0.0	150000.0	1
23,898	1494.9	419.91	107.866	0.0	150000.0	1
23,899	1494.95	419.89	107.846	0.1805	150000.0	1
23,900	1495.0	419.86	107.826	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →