Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,901–24,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,901	1495.05	419.84	107.807	0.0	150000.0	1
23,902	1495.1	419.82	107.787	0.1717	150000.0	1
23,903	1495.15	419.79	107.767	0.0	150000.0	1
23,904	1495.2	419.77	107.748	0.0	150000.0	1
23,905	1495.25	419.75	107.728	0.163	150000.0	1
23,906	1495.3	419.72	107.709	0.0	150000.0	1
23,907	1495.35	419.7	107.689	0.0	150000.0	1
23,908	1495.4	419.68	107.67	0.1543	150000.0	1
23,909	1495.45	419.65	107.651	0.0	150000.0	1
23,910	1495.5	419.63	107.632	0.0	150000.0	1
23,911	1495.55	419.61	107.612	0.1458	150000.0	1
23,912	1495.6	419.58	107.593	0.0	150000.0	1
23,913	1495.65	419.56	107.574	0.0	150000.0	1
23,914	1495.7	419.54	107.555	0.1373	150000.0	1
23,915	1495.75	419.52	107.536	0.0	150000.0	1
23,916	1495.8	419.49	107.517	0.0	150000.0	1
23,917	1495.85	419.47	107.498	0.1289	150000.0	1
23,918	1495.9	419.45	107.479	0.0	150000.0	1
23,919	1495.95	419.43	107.461	0.0	150000.0	1
23,920	1496.0	419.4	107.442	0.1205	150000.0	1
23,921	1496.05	419.38	107.423	0.0	150000.0	1
23,922	1496.1	419.36	107.405	0.0	150000.0	1
23,923	1496.15	419.34	107.386	0.1123	150000.0	1
23,924	1496.2	419.31	107.367	0.0	150000.0	1
23,925	1496.25	419.29	107.349	0.0	150000.0	1
23,926	1496.3	419.27	107.33	0.1041	150000.0	1
23,927	1496.35	419.25	107.312	0.0	150000.0	1
23,928	1496.4	419.23	107.294	0.0	150000.0	1
23,929	1496.45	419.2	107.275	0.096	150000.0	1
23,930	1496.5	419.18	107.257	0.0	150000.0	1
23,931	1496.55	419.16	107.239	0.0	150000.0	1
23,932	1496.6	419.14	107.22	0.088	150000.0	1
23,933	1496.65	419.12	107.202	0.0	150000.0	1
23,934	1496.7	419.09	107.184	0.0	150000.0	1
23,935	1496.75	419.07	107.166	0.08	150000.0	1
23,936	1496.8	419.05	107.148	0.0	150000.0	1
23,937	1496.85	419.03	107.13	0.0	150000.0	1
23,938	1496.9	419.01	107.112	0.0721	150000.0	1
23,939	1496.95	418.99	107.094	0.0	150000.0	1
23,940	1497.0	418.97	107.077	0.0	150000.0	1
23,941	1497.05	418.94	107.059	0.0708	150000.0	1
23,942	1497.1	418.92	107.041	0.0	150000.0	1
23,943	1497.15	418.9	107.023	0.0	150000.0	1
23,944	1497.2	418.88	107.006	0.0737	150000.0	1
23,945	1497.25	418.86	106.988	0.0	150000.0	1
23,946	1497.3	418.84	106.971	0.0	150000.0	1
23,947	1497.35	418.82	106.953	0.0506	150000.0	1
23,948	1497.4	418.79	106.936	0.0	150000.0	1
23,949	1497.45	418.77	106.918	0.0	150000.0	1
23,950	1497.5	418.75	106.901	0.2452	150000.0	1
23,951	1497.55	418.73	106.883	0.0	150000.0	1
23,952	1497.6	418.71	106.866	0.0	150000.0	1
23,953	1497.65	418.69	106.849	0.0542	150000.0	1
23,954	1497.7	418.67	106.832	0.0	150000.0	1
23,955	1497.75	418.65	106.814	0.0	150000.0	1
23,956	1497.8	418.63	106.797	0.1923	150000.0	1
23,957	1497.85	418.61	106.78	0.0	150000.0	1
23,958	1497.9	418.59	106.763	0.0	150000.0	1
23,959	1497.95	418.57	106.746	0.0356	150000.0	1
23,960	1498.0	418.54	106.729	0.0	150000.0	1
23,961	1498.05	418.52	106.712	0.0	150000.0	1
23,962	1498.1	418.5	106.695	0.3808	150000.0	1
23,963	1498.15	418.5	106.7	0.0	150000.0	1
23,964	1498.2	418.48	106.683	0.0	150000.0	1
23,965	1498.25	418.46	106.666	0.0008	150000.0	1
23,966	1498.3	418.44	106.649	0.2905	150000.0	1
23,967	1498.35	418.44	106.654	0.0	150000.0	1
23,968	1498.4	418.42	106.637	0.0	150000.0	1
23,969	1498.45	418.4	106.62	0.0	150000.0	1
23,970	1498.5	418.38	106.604	0.4128	150000.0	1
23,971	1498.55	418.38	106.608	0.0	150000.0	1
23,972	1498.6	418.36	106.592	0.0	150000.0	1
23,973	1498.65	418.34	106.575	0.0	150000.0	1
23,974	1498.7	418.32	106.559	0.4165	150000.0	1
23,975	1498.75	418.32	106.563	0.0	150000.0	1
23,976	1498.8	418.3	106.546	0.0	150000.0	1
23,977	1498.85	418.28	106.53	0.0	150000.0	1
23,978	1498.9	418.26	106.514	0.4086	150000.0	1
23,979	1498.95	418.26	106.518	0.0	150000.0	1
23,980	1499.0	418.24	106.502	0.0	150000.0	1
23,981	1499.05	418.22	106.485	0.0	150000.0	1
23,982	1499.1	418.2	106.469	0.3995	150000.0	1
23,983	1499.15	418.2	106.473	0.0	150000.0	1
23,984	1499.2	418.18	106.457	0.0	150000.0	1
23,985	1499.25	418.16	106.441	0.0	150000.0	1
23,986	1499.3	418.14	106.425	0.3903	150000.0	1
23,987	1499.35	418.14	106.429	0.0	150000.0	1
23,988	1499.4	418.12	106.413	0.0	150000.0	1
23,989	1499.45	418.1	106.397	0.0	150000.0	1
23,990	1499.5	418.08	106.381	0.3813	150000.0	1
23,991	1499.55	418.08	106.385	0.0	150000.0	1
23,992	1499.6	418.06	106.369	0.0	150000.0	1
23,993	1499.65	418.04	106.353	0.0	150000.0	1
23,994	1499.7	418.02	106.337	0.3723	150000.0	1
23,995	1499.75	418.02	106.342	0.0	150000.0	1
23,996	1499.8	418.0	106.326	0.0	150000.0	1
23,997	1499.85	417.98	106.31	0.0	150000.0	1
23,998	1499.9	417.96	106.294	0.3634	150000.0	1
23,999	1499.95	417.96	106.298	0.0	150000.0	1
24,000	1500.0	417.94	106.283	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →