Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,501–23,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,501	1475.05	431.93	118.199	0.5915	150000.0	1
23,502	1475.1	431.88	118.154	0.0	150000.0	1
23,503	1475.15	431.83	118.11	0.5815	150000.0	1
23,504	1475.2	431.78	118.066	0.0	150000.0	1
23,505	1475.25	431.73	118.022	0.5717	150000.0	1
23,506	1475.3	431.68	117.978	0.0	150000.0	1
23,507	1475.35	431.63	117.934	0.562	150000.0	1
23,508	1475.4	431.58	117.89	0.0	150000.0	1
23,509	1475.45	431.53	117.846	0.5523	150000.0	1
23,510	1475.5	431.48	117.803	0.0	150000.0	1
23,511	1475.55	431.43	117.759	0.5427	150000.0	1
23,512	1475.6	431.38	117.716	0.0	150000.0	1
23,513	1475.65	431.34	117.672	0.5332	150000.0	1
23,514	1475.7	431.29	117.629	0.0	150000.0	1
23,515	1475.75	431.24	117.586	0.5237	150000.0	1
23,516	1475.8	431.19	117.543	0.0	150000.0	1
23,517	1475.85	431.14	117.5	0.5143	150000.0	1
23,518	1475.9	431.09	117.457	0.0	150000.0	1
23,519	1475.95	431.05	117.415	0.505	150000.0	1
23,520	1476.0	431.0	117.372	0.0	150000.0	1
23,521	1476.05	430.95	117.33	0.4958	150000.0	1
23,522	1476.1	430.9	117.287	0.0	150000.0	1
23,523	1476.15	430.86	117.245	0.4866	150000.0	1
23,524	1476.2	430.81	117.203	0.0	150000.0	1
23,525	1476.25	430.76	117.16	0.4775	150000.0	1
23,526	1476.3	430.71	117.118	0.0	150000.0	1
23,527	1476.35	430.67	117.076	0.4685	150000.0	1
23,528	1476.4	430.62	117.035	0.0	150000.0	1
23,529	1476.45	430.57	116.993	0.4595	150000.0	1
23,530	1476.5	430.53	116.951	0.0	150000.0	1
23,531	1476.55	430.48	116.91	0.4506	150000.0	1
23,532	1476.6	430.43	116.868	0.0	150000.0	1
23,533	1476.65	430.39	116.827	0.4418	150000.0	1
23,534	1476.7	430.34	116.786	0.0	150000.0	1
23,535	1476.75	430.29	116.744	0.433	150000.0	1
23,536	1476.8	430.25	116.703	0.0	150000.0	1
23,537	1476.85	430.2	116.662	0.4243	150000.0	1
23,538	1476.9	430.16	116.621	0.0	150000.0	1
23,539	1476.95	430.11	116.581	0.4157	150000.0	1
23,540	1477.0	430.06	116.54	0.0	150000.0	1
23,541	1477.05	430.02	116.499	0.4071	150000.0	1
23,542	1477.1	429.97	116.459	0.0	150000.0	1
23,543	1477.15	429.93	116.418	0.3986	150000.0	1
23,544	1477.2	429.88	116.378	0.0	150000.0	1
23,545	1477.25	429.84	116.338	0.3902	150000.0	1
23,546	1477.3	429.79	116.298	0.0	150000.0	1
23,547	1477.35	429.75	116.258	0.3818	150000.0	1
23,548	1477.4	429.7	116.218	0.0	150000.0	1
23,549	1477.45	429.66	116.178	0.3735	150000.0	1
23,550	1477.5	429.61	116.138	0.0	150000.0	1
23,551	1477.55	429.57	116.098	0.3652	150000.0	1
23,552	1477.6	429.52	116.059	0.0	150000.0	1
23,553	1477.65	429.48	116.019	0.3571	150000.0	1
23,554	1477.7	429.44	115.98	0.0	150000.0	1
23,555	1477.75	429.39	115.94	0.3489	150000.0	1
23,556	1477.8	429.35	115.901	0.0	150000.0	1
23,557	1477.85	429.3	115.862	0.3409	150000.0	1
23,558	1477.9	429.26	115.823	0.0	150000.0	1
23,559	1477.95	429.22	115.784	0.3328	150000.0	1
23,560	1478.0	429.17	115.745	0.0	150000.0	1
23,561	1478.05	429.13	115.706	0.3249	150000.0	1
23,562	1478.1	429.09	115.668	0.0	150000.0	1
23,563	1478.15	429.04	115.629	0.317	150000.0	1
23,564	1478.2	429.0	115.591	0.0	150000.0	1
23,565	1478.25	428.96	115.552	0.3092	150000.0	1
23,566	1478.3	428.91	115.514	0.0	150000.0	1
23,567	1478.35	428.87	115.476	0.3014	150000.0	1
23,568	1478.4	428.83	115.437	0.0	150000.0	1
23,569	1478.45	428.78	115.399	0.2937	150000.0	1
23,570	1478.5	428.74	115.361	0.0	150000.0	1
23,571	1478.55	428.7	115.324	0.286	150000.0	1
23,572	1478.6	428.66	115.286	0.0	150000.0	1
23,573	1478.65	428.61	115.248	0.2784	150000.0	1
23,574	1478.7	428.57	115.21	0.0	150000.0	1
23,575	1478.75	428.53	115.173	0.2708	150000.0	1
23,576	1478.8	428.49	115.135	0.0	150000.0	1
23,577	1478.85	428.45	115.098	0.2633	150000.0	1
23,578	1478.9	428.4	115.061	0.0	150000.0	1
23,579	1478.95	428.36	115.024	0.2559	150000.0	1
23,580	1479.0	428.32	114.986	0.0	150000.0	1
23,581	1479.05	428.28	114.949	0.2485	150000.0	1
23,582	1479.1	428.24	114.913	0.0	150000.0	1
23,583	1479.15	428.19	114.876	0.2412	150000.0	1
23,584	1479.2	428.15	114.839	0.0	150000.0	1
23,585	1479.25	428.11	114.802	0.2339	150000.0	1
23,586	1479.3	428.07	114.766	0.0	150000.0	1
23,587	1479.35	428.03	114.729	0.2267	150000.0	1
23,588	1479.4	427.99	114.693	0.0	150000.0	1
23,589	1479.45	427.95	114.656	0.2195	150000.0	1
23,590	1479.5	427.91	114.62	0.0	150000.0	1
23,591	1479.55	427.87	114.584	0.2124	150000.0	1
23,592	1479.6	427.83	114.548	0.0	150000.0	1
23,593	1479.65	427.79	114.512	0.2053	150000.0	1
23,594	1479.7	427.75	114.476	0.0	150000.0	1
23,595	1479.75	427.7	114.44	0.1982	150000.0	1
23,596	1479.8	427.66	114.405	0.0	150000.0	1
23,597	1479.85	427.62	114.369	0.1913	150000.0	1
23,598	1479.9	427.58	114.333	0.0	150000.0	1
23,599	1479.95	427.54	114.298	0.1843	150000.0	1
23,600	1480.0	427.5	114.262	0.0	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →