Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,001–23,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,001	1450.05	437.87	121.834	2.1356	150000.0	1
23,002	1450.1	437.87	121.838	2.0684	150000.0	1
23,003	1450.15	437.87	121.842	2.0024	150000.0	1
23,004	1450.2	437.87	121.846	1.9374	150000.0	1
23,005	1450.25	437.87	121.85	1.8735	150000.0	1
23,006	1450.3	437.87	121.855	1.8107	150000.0	1
23,007	1450.35	437.87	121.859	1.7489	150000.0	1
23,008	1450.4	437.87	121.863	1.6882	150000.0	1
23,009	1450.45	437.87	121.867	1.6286	150000.0	1
23,010	1450.5	437.87	121.871	1.5701	150000.0	1
23,011	1450.55	437.87	121.876	1.5126	150000.0	1
23,012	1450.6	437.87	121.88	1.4563	150000.0	1
23,013	1450.65	437.87	121.884	1.401	150000.0	1
23,014	1450.7	437.87	121.888	1.3467	150000.0	1
23,015	1450.75	437.87	121.892	1.2936	150000.0	1
23,016	1450.8	437.87	121.896	1.2415	150000.0	1
23,017	1450.85	437.87	121.901	1.1905	150000.0	1
23,018	1450.9	437.87	121.905	1.1406	150000.0	1
23,019	1450.95	437.87	121.909	1.0917	150000.0	1
23,020	1451.0	437.82	121.857	2.7448	150000.0	1
23,021	1451.05	437.82	121.861	2.6686	150000.0	1
23,022	1451.1	437.82	121.865	2.5935	150000.0	1
23,023	1451.15	437.82	121.869	2.5195	150000.0	1
23,024	1451.2	437.82	121.873	2.4466	150000.0	1
23,025	1451.25	437.82	121.878	2.3748	150000.0	1
23,026	1451.3	437.82	121.882	2.304	150000.0	1
23,027	1451.35	437.82	121.886	2.2343	150000.0	1
23,028	1451.4	437.82	121.89	2.1656	150000.0	1
23,029	1451.45	437.82	121.894	2.0981	150000.0	1
23,030	1451.5	437.82	121.898	2.0316	150000.0	1
23,031	1451.55	437.82	121.903	1.9662	150000.0	1
23,032	1451.6	437.82	121.907	1.9019	150000.0	1
23,033	1451.65	437.82	121.911	1.8386	150000.0	1
23,034	1451.7	437.82	121.915	1.7764	150000.0	1
23,035	1451.75	437.82	121.919	1.7153	150000.0	1
23,036	1451.8	437.82	121.924	1.6553	150000.0	1
23,037	1451.85	437.82	121.928	1.5963	150000.0	1
23,038	1451.9	437.82	121.932	1.5384	150000.0	1
23,039	1451.95	437.82	121.936	1.4816	150000.0	1
23,040	1452.0	437.82	121.94	1.4258	150000.0	1
23,041	1452.05	437.82	121.944	1.3712	150000.0	1
23,042	1452.1	437.82	121.949	1.3176	150000.0	1
23,043	1452.15	437.82	121.953	1.265	150000.0	1
23,044	1452.2	437.82	121.957	1.2136	150000.0	1
23,045	1452.25	437.82	121.961	1.1632	150000.0	1
23,046	1452.3	437.82	121.965	1.1139	150000.0	1
23,047	1452.35	437.82	121.97	1.0657	150000.0	1
23,048	1452.4	437.76	121.917	2.7225	150000.0	1
23,049	1452.45	437.76	121.921	2.6467	150000.0	1
23,050	1452.5	437.76	121.925	2.572	150000.0	1
23,051	1452.55	437.76	121.93	2.4983	150000.0	1
23,052	1452.6	437.76	121.934	2.4258	150000.0	1
23,053	1452.65	437.76	121.938	2.3543	150000.0	1
23,054	1452.7	437.76	121.942	2.2839	150000.0	1
23,055	1452.75	437.76	121.946	2.2145	150000.0	1
23,056	1452.8	437.76	121.95	2.1462	150000.0	1
23,057	1452.85	437.76	121.955	2.079	150000.0	1
23,058	1452.9	437.76	121.959	2.0129	150000.0	1
23,059	1452.95	437.76	121.963	1.9479	150000.0	1
23,060	1453.0	437.76	121.967	1.8839	150000.0	1
23,061	1453.05	437.76	121.971	1.821	150000.0	1
23,062	1453.1	437.76	121.976	1.7592	150000.0	1
23,063	1453.15	437.76	121.98	1.6984	150000.0	1
23,064	1453.2	437.76	121.984	1.6387	150000.0	1
23,065	1453.25	437.76	121.988	1.5801	150000.0	1
23,066	1453.3	437.76	121.992	1.5225	150000.0	1
23,067	1453.35	437.76	121.996	1.4661	150000.0	1
23,068	1453.4	437.76	122.001	1.4107	150000.0	1
23,069	1453.45	437.76	122.005	1.3563	150000.0	1
23,070	1453.5	437.76	122.009	1.3031	150000.0	1
23,071	1453.55	437.76	122.013	1.2509	150000.0	1
23,072	1453.6	437.76	122.017	1.1998	150000.0	1
23,073	1453.65	437.76	122.022	1.1497	150000.0	1
23,074	1453.7	437.76	122.026	1.1007	150000.0	1
23,075	1453.75	437.7	121.973	2.7595	150000.0	1
23,076	1453.8	437.7	121.977	2.6832	150000.0	1
23,077	1453.85	437.7	121.981	2.6081	150000.0	1
23,078	1453.9	437.7	121.986	2.534	150000.0	1
23,079	1453.95	437.7	121.99	2.4609	150000.0	1
23,080	1454.0	437.7	121.994	2.389	150000.0	1
23,081	1454.05	437.7	121.998	2.3181	150000.0	1
23,082	1454.1	437.7	122.002	2.2483	150000.0	1
23,083	1454.15	437.7	122.007	2.1795	150000.0	1
23,084	1454.2	437.7	122.011	2.1119	150000.0	1
23,085	1454.25	437.7	122.015	2.0453	150000.0	1
23,086	1454.3	437.7	122.019	1.9798	150000.0	1
23,087	1454.35	437.7	122.023	1.9153	150000.0	1
23,088	1454.4	437.7	122.027	1.8519	150000.0	1
23,089	1454.45	437.7	122.032	1.7896	150000.0	1
23,090	1454.5	437.7	122.036	1.7284	150000.0	1
23,091	1454.55	437.7	122.04	1.6682	150000.0	1
23,092	1454.6	437.7	122.044	1.6091	150000.0	1
23,093	1454.65	437.7	122.048	1.5511	150000.0	1
23,094	1454.7	437.7	122.053	1.4941	150000.0	1
23,095	1454.75	437.7	122.057	1.4382	150000.0	1
23,096	1454.8	437.7	122.061	1.3834	150000.0	1
23,097	1454.85	437.7	122.065	1.3296	150000.0	1
23,098	1454.9	437.7	122.069	1.2769	150000.0	1
23,099	1454.95	437.7	122.073	1.2253	150000.0	1
23,100	1455.0	437.7	122.078	1.1748	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →