Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

23,101–23,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
23,101	1455.05	437.7	122.082	1.1253	150000.0	1
23,102	1455.1	437.7	122.086	1.0769	150000.0	1
23,103	1455.15	437.64	122.033	2.7392	150000.0	1
23,104	1455.2	437.64	122.037	2.6633	150000.0	1
23,105	1455.25	437.64	122.042	2.5885	150000.0	1
23,106	1455.3	437.64	122.046	2.5148	150000.0	1
23,107	1455.35	437.64	122.05	2.4421	150000.0	1
23,108	1455.4	437.64	122.054	2.3704	150000.0	1
23,109	1455.45	437.64	122.058	2.2999	150000.0	1
23,110	1455.5	437.64	122.062	2.2304	150000.0	1
23,111	1455.55	437.64	122.067	2.162	150000.0	1
23,112	1455.6	437.64	122.071	2.0947	150000.0	1
23,113	1455.65	437.64	122.075	2.0284	150000.0	1
23,114	1455.7	437.64	122.079	1.9632	150000.0	1
23,115	1455.75	437.64	122.083	1.8991	150000.0	1
23,116	1455.8	437.64	122.088	1.836	150000.0	1
23,117	1455.85	437.64	122.092	1.774	150000.0	1
23,118	1455.9	437.64	122.096	1.7131	150000.0	1
23,119	1455.95	437.64	122.1	1.6532	150000.0	1
23,120	1456.0	437.64	122.104	1.5945	150000.0	1
23,121	1456.05	437.64	122.108	1.5367	150000.0	1
23,122	1456.1	437.64	122.113	1.4801	150000.0	1
23,123	1456.15	437.64	122.117	1.4245	150000.0	1
23,124	1456.2	437.64	122.121	1.37	150000.0	1
23,125	1456.25	437.64	122.125	1.3165	150000.0	1
23,126	1456.3	437.64	122.129	1.2642	150000.0	1
23,127	1456.35	437.64	122.134	1.2129	150000.0	1
23,128	1456.4	437.64	122.138	1.1626	150000.0	1
23,129	1456.45	437.64	122.142	1.1134	150000.0	1
23,130	1456.5	437.58	122.089	2.7777	150000.0	1
23,131	1456.55	437.58	122.093	2.7013	150000.0	1
23,132	1456.6	437.58	122.097	2.626	150000.0	1
23,133	1456.65	437.58	122.102	2.5518	150000.0	1
23,134	1456.7	437.58	122.106	2.4786	150000.0	1
23,135	1456.75	437.58	122.11	2.4065	150000.0	1
23,136	1456.8	437.58	122.114	2.3355	150000.0	1
23,137	1456.85	437.58	122.118	2.2655	150000.0	1
23,138	1456.9	437.58	122.122	2.1966	150000.0	1
23,139	1456.95	437.58	122.127	2.1288	150000.0	1
23,140	1457.0	437.58	122.131	2.062	150000.0	1
23,141	1457.05	437.58	122.135	1.9963	150000.0	1
23,142	1457.1	437.58	122.139	1.9317	150000.0	1
23,143	1457.15	437.58	122.143	1.8681	150000.0	1
23,144	1457.2	437.58	122.148	1.8057	150000.0	1
23,145	1457.25	437.58	122.152	1.7442	150000.0	1
23,146	1457.3	437.58	122.156	1.6839	150000.0	1
23,147	1457.35	437.58	122.16	1.6246	150000.0	1
23,148	1457.4	437.58	122.164	1.5664	150000.0	1
23,149	1457.45	437.58	122.168	1.5092	150000.0	1
23,150	1457.5	437.58	122.173	1.4531	150000.0	1
23,151	1457.55	437.58	122.177	1.3981	150000.0	1
23,152	1457.6	437.58	122.181	1.3441	150000.0	1
23,153	1457.65	437.58	122.185	1.2913	150000.0	1
23,154	1457.7	437.58	122.189	1.2394	150000.0	1
23,155	1457.75	437.58	122.194	1.1887	150000.0	1
23,156	1457.8	437.58	122.198	1.139	150000.0	1
23,157	1457.85	437.58	122.202	1.0903	150000.0	1
23,158	1457.9	437.52	122.149	2.7581	150000.0	1
23,159	1457.95	437.52	122.153	2.6821	150000.0	1
23,160	1458.0	437.52	122.157	2.6071	150000.0	1
23,161	1458.05	437.52	122.161	2.5332	150000.0	1
23,162	1458.1	437.52	122.166	2.4604	150000.0	1
23,163	1458.15	437.52	122.17	2.3886	150000.0	1
23,164	1458.2	437.52	122.174	2.3179	150000.0	1
23,165	1458.25	437.52	122.178	2.2483	150000.0	1
23,166	1458.3	437.52	122.182	2.1797	150000.0	1
23,167	1458.35	437.52	122.186	2.1122	150000.0	1
23,168	1458.4	437.52	122.191	2.0457	150000.0	1
23,169	1458.45	437.52	122.195	1.9804	150000.0	1
23,170	1458.5	437.52	122.199	1.9161	150000.0	1
23,171	1458.55	437.52	122.203	1.8528	150000.0	1
23,172	1458.6	437.52	122.207	1.7906	150000.0	1
23,173	1458.65	437.52	122.212	1.7295	150000.0	1
23,174	1458.7	437.52	122.216	1.6695	150000.0	1
23,175	1458.75	437.52	122.22	1.6105	150000.0	1
23,176	1458.8	437.52	122.224	1.5526	150000.0	1
23,177	1458.85	437.52	122.228	1.4957	150000.0	1
23,178	1458.9	437.52	122.233	1.4399	150000.0	1
23,179	1458.95	437.52	122.237	1.3852	150000.0	1
23,180	1459.0	437.52	122.241	1.3315	150000.0	1
23,181	1459.05	437.52	122.245	1.2789	150000.0	1
23,182	1459.1	437.52	122.249	1.2274	150000.0	1
23,183	1459.15	437.52	122.253	1.1769	150000.0	1
23,184	1459.2	437.52	122.258	1.1275	150000.0	1
23,185	1459.25	437.52	122.262	1.0792	150000.0	1
23,186	1459.3	437.46	122.209	2.7502	150000.0	1
23,187	1459.35	437.46	122.213	2.6744	150000.0	1
23,188	1459.4	437.46	122.217	2.5996	150000.0	1
23,189	1459.45	437.46	122.221	2.5258	150000.0	1
23,190	1459.5	437.46	122.225	2.4532	150000.0	1
23,191	1459.55	437.46	122.229	2.3816	150000.0	1
23,192	1459.6	437.46	122.234	2.311	150000.0	1
23,193	1459.65	437.46	122.238	2.2415	150000.0	1
23,194	1459.7	437.46	122.242	2.1731	150000.0	1
23,195	1459.75	437.46	122.246	2.1058	150000.0	1
23,196	1459.8	437.46	122.25	2.0395	150000.0	1
23,197	1459.85	437.46	122.255	1.9743	150000.0	1
23,198	1459.9	437.46	122.259	1.9101	150000.0	1
23,199	1459.95	437.46	122.263	1.847	150000.0	1
23,200	1460.0	437.46	122.267	1.785	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →