Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,801–22,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,801	1440.05	438.29	121.39	2.6997	150000.0	1
22,802	1440.1	438.29	121.394	2.6237	150000.0	1
22,803	1440.15	438.29	121.398	2.5487	150000.0	1
22,804	1440.2	438.29	121.403	2.4749	150000.0	1
22,805	1440.25	438.29	121.407	2.4022	150000.0	1
22,806	1440.3	438.29	121.411	2.3305	150000.0	1
22,807	1440.35	438.29	121.415	2.26	150000.0	1
22,808	1440.4	438.29	121.419	2.1905	150000.0	1
22,809	1440.45	438.29	121.423	2.1221	150000.0	1
22,810	1440.5	438.29	121.428	2.0548	150000.0	1
22,811	1440.55	438.29	121.432	1.9886	150000.0	1
22,812	1440.6	438.29	121.436	1.9235	150000.0	1
22,813	1440.65	438.29	121.44	1.8595	150000.0	1
22,814	1440.7	438.29	121.444	1.7965	150000.0	1
22,815	1440.75	438.29	121.449	1.7347	150000.0	1
22,816	1440.8	438.29	121.453	1.6739	150000.0	1
22,817	1440.85	438.29	121.457	1.6142	150000.0	1
22,818	1440.9	438.29	121.461	1.5557	150000.0	1
22,819	1440.95	438.29	121.465	1.4982	150000.0	1
22,820	1441.0	438.29	121.469	1.4417	150000.0	1
22,821	1441.05	438.29	121.474	1.3864	150000.0	1
22,822	1441.1	438.29	121.478	1.3322	150000.0	1
22,823	1441.15	438.29	121.482	1.279	150000.0	1
22,824	1441.2	438.29	121.486	1.2269	150000.0	1
22,825	1441.25	438.29	121.49	1.176	150000.0	1
22,826	1441.3	438.29	121.494	1.1261	150000.0	1
22,827	1441.35	438.29	121.499	1.0772	150000.0	1
22,828	1441.4	438.29	121.503	1.0295	150000.0	1
22,829	1441.45	438.23	121.451	2.6635	150000.0	1
22,830	1441.5	438.23	121.456	2.5881	150000.0	1
22,831	1441.55	438.23	121.46	2.5137	150000.0	1
22,832	1441.6	438.23	121.464	2.4405	150000.0	1
22,833	1441.65	438.23	121.468	2.3683	150000.0	1
22,834	1441.7	438.23	121.472	2.2972	150000.0	1
22,835	1441.75	438.23	121.477	2.2272	150000.0	1
22,836	1441.8	438.23	121.481	2.1583	150000.0	1
22,837	1441.85	438.23	121.485	2.0905	150000.0	1
22,838	1441.9	438.23	121.489	2.0238	150000.0	1
22,839	1441.95	438.23	121.493	1.9581	150000.0	1
22,840	1442.0	438.23	121.497	1.8936	150000.0	1
22,841	1442.05	438.23	121.502	1.8301	150000.0	1
22,842	1442.1	438.23	121.506	1.7677	150000.0	1
22,843	1442.15	438.23	121.51	1.7064	150000.0	1
22,844	1442.2	438.23	121.514	1.6462	150000.0	1
22,845	1442.25	438.23	121.518	1.5871	150000.0	1
22,846	1442.3	438.23	121.522	1.529	150000.0	1
22,847	1442.35	438.23	121.527	1.4721	150000.0	1
22,848	1442.4	438.23	121.531	1.4162	150000.0	1
22,849	1442.45	438.23	121.535	1.3614	150000.0	1
22,850	1442.5	438.23	121.539	1.3077	150000.0	1
22,851	1442.55	438.23	121.543	1.2551	150000.0	1
22,852	1442.6	438.23	121.548	1.2036	150000.0	1
22,853	1442.65	438.23	121.552	1.1531	150000.0	1
22,854	1442.7	438.23	121.556	1.1038	150000.0	1
22,855	1442.75	438.23	121.56	1.0555	150000.0	1
22,856	1442.8	438.17	121.509	2.6917	150000.0	1
22,857	1442.85	438.17	121.513	2.616	150000.0	1
22,858	1442.9	438.17	121.517	2.5413	150000.0	1
22,859	1442.95	438.17	121.521	2.4677	150000.0	1
22,860	1443.0	438.17	121.525	2.3952	150000.0	1
22,861	1443.05	438.17	121.529	2.3237	150000.0	1
22,862	1443.1	438.17	121.534	2.2534	150000.0	1
22,863	1443.15	438.17	121.538	2.1841	150000.0	1
22,864	1443.2	438.17	121.542	2.116	150000.0	1
22,865	1443.25	438.17	121.546	2.0489	150000.0	1
22,866	1443.3	438.17	121.55	1.9829	150000.0	1
22,867	1443.35	438.17	121.554	1.918	150000.0	1
22,868	1443.4	438.17	121.559	1.8541	150000.0	1
22,869	1443.45	438.17	121.563	1.7914	150000.0	1
22,870	1443.5	438.17	121.567	1.7297	150000.0	1
22,871	1443.55	438.17	121.571	1.6691	150000.0	1
22,872	1443.6	438.17	121.575	1.6096	150000.0	1
22,873	1443.65	438.17	121.58	1.5512	150000.0	1
22,874	1443.7	438.17	121.584	1.4939	150000.0	1
22,875	1443.75	438.17	121.588	1.4377	150000.0	1
22,876	1443.8	438.17	121.592	1.3825	150000.0	1
22,877	1443.85	438.17	121.596	1.3284	150000.0	1
22,878	1443.9	438.17	121.6	1.2754	150000.0	1
22,879	1443.95	438.17	121.605	1.2235	150000.0	1
22,880	1444.0	438.17	121.609	1.1727	150000.0	1
22,881	1444.05	438.17	121.613	1.1229	150000.0	1
22,882	1444.1	438.17	121.617	1.0742	150000.0	1
22,883	1444.15	438.11	121.565	2.713	150000.0	1
22,884	1444.2	438.11	121.57	2.6369	150000.0	1
22,885	1444.25	438.11	121.574	2.562	150000.0	1
22,886	1444.3	438.11	121.578	2.4882	150000.0	1
22,887	1444.35	438.11	121.582	2.4154	150000.0	1
22,888	1444.4	438.11	121.586	2.3437	150000.0	1
22,889	1444.45	438.11	121.591	2.2731	150000.0	1
22,890	1444.5	438.11	121.595	2.2036	150000.0	1
22,891	1444.55	438.11	121.599	2.1352	150000.0	1
22,892	1444.6	438.11	121.603	2.0679	150000.0	1
22,893	1444.65	438.11	121.607	2.0016	150000.0	1
22,894	1444.7	438.11	121.611	1.9364	150000.0	1
22,895	1444.75	438.11	121.616	1.8723	150000.0	1
22,896	1444.8	438.11	121.62	1.8093	150000.0	1
22,897	1444.85	438.11	121.624	1.7474	150000.0	1
22,898	1444.9	438.11	121.628	1.6866	150000.0	1
22,899	1444.95	438.11	121.632	1.6268	150000.0	1
22,900	1445.0	438.11	121.636	1.5681	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →