Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,701–22,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,701	1435.05	438.52	121.193	2.0845	150000.0	1
22,702	1435.1	438.52	121.198	2.0176	150000.0	1
22,703	1435.15	438.52	121.202	1.9518	150000.0	1
22,704	1435.2	438.52	121.206	1.8871	150000.0	1
22,705	1435.25	438.52	121.21	1.8235	150000.0	1
22,706	1435.3	438.52	121.214	1.761	150000.0	1
22,707	1435.35	438.52	121.218	1.6996	150000.0	1
22,708	1435.4	438.52	121.223	1.6392	150000.0	1
22,709	1435.45	438.52	121.227	1.58	150000.0	1
22,710	1435.5	438.52	121.231	1.5219	150000.0	1
22,711	1435.55	438.52	121.235	1.4648	150000.0	1
22,712	1435.6	438.52	121.239	1.4089	150000.0	1
22,713	1435.65	438.52	121.244	1.354	150000.0	1
22,714	1435.7	438.52	121.248	1.3002	150000.0	1
22,715	1435.75	438.52	121.252	1.2476	150000.0	1
22,716	1435.8	438.52	121.256	1.196	150000.0	1
22,717	1435.85	438.52	121.26	1.1455	150000.0	1
22,718	1435.9	438.52	121.264	1.0961	150000.0	1
22,719	1435.95	438.52	121.269	1.0478	150000.0	1
22,720	1436.0	438.46	121.218	2.6693	150000.0	1
22,721	1436.05	438.46	121.222	2.5935	150000.0	1
22,722	1436.1	438.46	121.226	2.5189	150000.0	1
22,723	1436.15	438.46	121.23	2.4453	150000.0	1
22,724	1436.2	438.46	121.234	2.3728	150000.0	1
22,725	1436.25	438.46	121.239	2.3015	150000.0	1
22,726	1436.3	438.46	121.243	2.2312	150000.0	1
22,727	1436.35	438.46	121.247	2.162	150000.0	1
22,728	1436.4	438.46	121.251	2.0939	150000.0	1
22,729	1436.45	438.46	121.255	2.0269	150000.0	1
22,730	1436.5	438.46	121.259	1.961	150000.0	1
22,731	1436.55	438.46	121.264	1.8962	150000.0	1
22,732	1436.6	438.46	121.268	1.8325	150000.0	1
22,733	1436.65	438.46	121.272	1.7699	150000.0	1
22,734	1436.7	438.46	121.276	1.7083	150000.0	1
22,735	1436.75	438.46	121.28	1.6479	150000.0	1
22,736	1436.8	438.46	121.285	1.5885	150000.0	1
22,737	1436.85	438.46	121.289	1.5303	150000.0	1
22,738	1436.9	438.46	121.293	1.4731	150000.0	1
22,739	1436.95	438.46	121.297	1.4171	150000.0	1
22,740	1437.0	438.46	121.301	1.3621	150000.0	1
22,741	1437.05	438.46	121.305	1.3082	150000.0	1
22,742	1437.1	438.46	121.31	1.2554	150000.0	1
22,743	1437.15	438.46	121.314	1.2037	150000.0	1
22,744	1437.2	438.46	121.318	1.1531	150000.0	1
22,745	1437.25	438.46	121.322	1.1036	150000.0	1
22,746	1437.3	438.46	121.326	1.0551	150000.0	1
22,747	1437.35	438.4	121.275	2.6794	150000.0	1
22,748	1437.4	438.4	121.279	2.6036	150000.0	1
22,749	1437.45	438.4	121.284	2.5288	150000.0	1
22,750	1437.5	438.4	121.288	2.4552	150000.0	1
22,751	1437.55	438.4	121.292	2.3826	150000.0	1
22,752	1437.6	438.4	121.296	2.3111	150000.0	1
22,753	1437.65	438.4	121.3	2.2408	150000.0	1
22,754	1437.7	438.4	121.305	2.1715	150000.0	1
22,755	1437.75	438.4	121.309	2.1033	150000.0	1
22,756	1437.8	438.4	121.313	2.0362	150000.0	1
22,757	1437.85	438.4	121.317	1.9702	150000.0	1
22,758	1437.9	438.4	121.321	1.9053	150000.0	1
22,759	1437.95	438.4	121.325	1.8415	150000.0	1
22,760	1438.0	438.4	121.33	1.7787	150000.0	1
22,761	1438.05	438.4	121.334	1.7171	150000.0	1
22,762	1438.1	438.4	121.338	1.6566	150000.0	1
22,763	1438.15	438.4	121.342	1.5971	150000.0	1
22,764	1438.2	438.4	121.346	1.5387	150000.0	1
22,765	1438.25	438.4	121.35	1.4815	150000.0	1
22,766	1438.3	438.4	121.355	1.4253	150000.0	1
22,767	1438.35	438.4	121.359	1.3702	150000.0	1
22,768	1438.4	438.4	121.363	1.3162	150000.0	1
22,769	1438.45	438.4	121.367	1.2633	150000.0	1
22,770	1438.5	438.4	121.371	1.2114	150000.0	1
22,771	1438.55	438.4	121.376	1.1607	150000.0	1
22,772	1438.6	438.4	121.38	1.1111	150000.0	1
22,773	1438.65	438.4	121.384	1.0625	150000.0	1
22,774	1438.7	438.34	121.333	2.6895	150000.0	1
22,775	1438.75	438.34	121.337	2.6136	150000.0	1
22,776	1438.8	438.34	121.341	2.5388	150000.0	1
22,777	1438.85	438.34	121.345	2.465	150000.0	1
22,778	1438.9	438.34	121.349	2.3924	150000.0	1
22,779	1438.95	438.34	121.354	2.3208	150000.0	1
22,780	1439.0	438.34	121.358	2.2504	150000.0	1
22,781	1439.05	438.34	121.362	2.181	150000.0	1
22,782	1439.1	438.34	121.366	2.1127	150000.0	1
22,783	1439.15	438.34	121.37	2.0455	150000.0	1
22,784	1439.2	438.34	121.375	1.9794	150000.0	1
22,785	1439.25	438.34	121.379	1.9144	150000.0	1
22,786	1439.3	438.34	121.383	1.8505	150000.0	1
22,787	1439.35	438.34	121.387	1.7876	150000.0	1
22,788	1439.4	438.34	121.391	1.7259	150000.0	1
22,789	1439.45	438.34	121.395	1.6652	150000.0	1
22,790	1439.5	438.34	121.4	1.6057	150000.0	1
22,791	1439.55	438.34	121.404	1.5472	150000.0	1
22,792	1439.6	438.34	121.408	1.4898	150000.0	1
22,793	1439.65	438.34	121.412	1.4335	150000.0	1
22,794	1439.7	438.34	121.416	1.3783	150000.0	1
22,795	1439.75	438.34	121.42	1.3242	150000.0	1
22,796	1439.8	438.34	121.425	1.2711	150000.0	1
22,797	1439.85	438.34	121.429	1.2192	150000.0	1
22,798	1439.9	438.34	121.433	1.1683	150000.0	1
22,799	1439.95	438.34	121.437	1.1186	150000.0	1
22,800	1440.0	438.34	121.441	1.0699	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →