Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,501–22,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,501	1425.05	438.97	120.794	1.0861	150000.0	1
22,502	1425.1	438.97	120.798	1.0378	150000.0	1
22,503	1425.15	438.97	120.802	0.9905	150000.0	1
22,504	1425.2	438.92	120.753	2.5889	150000.0	1
22,505	1425.25	438.92	120.757	2.5138	150000.0	1
22,506	1425.3	438.92	120.761	2.4399	150000.0	1
22,507	1425.35	438.92	120.765	2.3671	150000.0	1
22,508	1425.4	438.92	120.769	2.2953	150000.0	1
22,509	1425.45	438.92	120.773	2.2247	150000.0	1
22,510	1425.5	438.92	120.778	2.1552	150000.0	1
22,511	1425.55	438.92	120.782	2.0868	150000.0	1
22,512	1425.6	438.92	120.786	2.0195	150000.0	1
22,513	1425.65	438.92	120.79	1.9533	150000.0	1
22,514	1425.7	438.92	120.794	1.8882	150000.0	1
22,515	1425.75	438.92	120.798	1.8242	150000.0	1
22,516	1425.8	438.92	120.803	1.7614	150000.0	1
22,517	1425.85	438.92	120.807	1.6996	150000.0	1
22,518	1425.9	438.92	120.811	1.639	150000.0	1
22,519	1425.95	438.92	120.815	1.5794	150000.0	1
22,520	1426.0	438.92	120.819	1.521	150000.0	1
22,521	1426.05	438.92	120.823	1.4636	150000.0	1
22,522	1426.1	438.92	120.828	1.4074	150000.0	1
22,523	1426.15	438.92	120.832	1.3523	150000.0	1
22,524	1426.2	438.92	120.836	1.2983	150000.0	1
22,525	1426.25	438.92	120.84	1.2453	150000.0	1
22,526	1426.3	438.92	120.844	1.1935	150000.0	1
22,527	1426.35	438.92	120.848	1.1428	150000.0	1
22,528	1426.4	438.92	120.853	1.0932	150000.0	1
22,529	1426.45	438.92	120.857	1.0447	150000.0	1
22,530	1426.5	438.92	120.861	0.9973	150000.0	1
22,531	1426.55	438.86	120.811	2.5987	150000.0	1
22,532	1426.6	438.86	120.815	2.5235	150000.0	1
22,533	1426.65	438.86	120.819	2.4495	150000.0	1
22,534	1426.7	438.86	120.824	2.3766	150000.0	1
22,535	1426.75	438.86	120.828	2.3048	150000.0	1
22,536	1426.8	438.86	120.832	2.2341	150000.0	1
22,537	1426.85	438.86	120.836	2.1644	150000.0	1
22,538	1426.9	438.86	120.84	2.0959	150000.0	1
22,539	1426.95	438.86	120.845	2.0286	150000.0	1
22,540	1427.0	438.86	120.849	1.9623	150000.0	1
22,541	1427.05	438.86	120.853	1.8971	150000.0	1
22,542	1427.1	438.86	120.857	1.833	150000.0	1
22,543	1427.15	438.86	120.861	1.77	150000.0	1
22,544	1427.2	438.86	120.865	1.7082	150000.0	1
22,545	1427.25	438.86	120.87	1.6474	150000.0	1
22,546	1427.3	438.86	120.874	1.5877	150000.0	1
22,547	1427.35	438.86	120.878	1.5292	150000.0	1
22,548	1427.4	438.86	120.882	1.4717	150000.0	1
22,549	1427.45	438.86	120.886	1.4154	150000.0	1
22,550	1427.5	438.86	120.89	1.3601	150000.0	1
22,551	1427.55	438.86	120.895	1.306	150000.0	1
22,552	1427.6	438.86	120.899	1.253	150000.0	1
22,553	1427.65	438.86	120.903	1.201	150000.0	1
22,554	1427.7	438.86	120.907	1.1502	150000.0	1
22,555	1427.75	438.86	120.911	1.1005	150000.0	1
22,556	1427.8	438.86	120.915	1.0519	150000.0	1
22,557	1427.85	438.86	120.92	1.0043	150000.0	1
22,558	1427.9	438.8	120.87	2.6086	150000.0	1
22,559	1427.95	438.8	120.874	2.5334	150000.0	1
22,560	1428.0	438.8	120.878	2.4593	150000.0	1
22,561	1428.05	438.8	120.882	2.3863	150000.0	1
22,562	1428.1	438.8	120.886	2.3144	150000.0	1
22,563	1428.15	438.8	120.89	2.2435	150000.0	1
22,564	1428.2	438.8	120.895	2.1738	150000.0	1
22,565	1428.25	438.8	120.899	2.1052	150000.0	1
22,566	1428.3	438.8	120.903	2.0378	150000.0	1
22,567	1428.35	438.8	120.907	1.9714	150000.0	1
22,568	1428.4	438.8	120.911	1.9061	150000.0	1
22,569	1428.45	438.8	120.916	1.8419	150000.0	1
22,570	1428.5	438.8	120.92	1.7788	150000.0	1
22,571	1428.55	438.8	120.924	1.7168	150000.0	1
22,572	1428.6	438.8	120.928	1.656	150000.0	1
22,573	1428.65	438.8	120.932	1.5962	150000.0	1
22,574	1428.7	438.8	120.936	1.5375	150000.0	1
22,575	1428.75	438.8	120.941	1.48	150000.0	1
22,576	1428.8	438.8	120.945	1.4235	150000.0	1
22,577	1428.85	438.8	120.949	1.3681	150000.0	1
22,578	1428.9	438.8	120.953	1.3139	150000.0	1
22,579	1428.95	438.8	120.957	1.2607	150000.0	1
22,580	1429.0	438.8	120.961	1.2087	150000.0	1
22,581	1429.05	438.8	120.966	1.1577	150000.0	1
22,582	1429.1	438.8	120.97	1.1079	150000.0	1
22,583	1429.15	438.8	120.974	1.0591	150000.0	1
22,584	1429.2	438.8	120.978	1.0115	150000.0	1
22,585	1429.25	438.75	120.928	2.6187	150000.0	1
22,586	1429.3	438.75	120.932	2.5433	150000.0	1
22,587	1429.35	438.75	120.936	2.4691	150000.0	1
22,588	1429.4	438.75	120.94	2.396	150000.0	1
22,589	1429.45	438.75	120.945	2.324	150000.0	1
22,590	1429.5	438.75	120.949	2.2531	150000.0	1
22,591	1429.55	438.75	120.953	2.1833	150000.0	1
22,592	1429.6	438.75	120.957	2.1146	150000.0	1
22,593	1429.65	438.75	120.961	2.047	150000.0	1
22,594	1429.7	438.75	120.965	1.9805	150000.0	1
22,595	1429.75	438.75	120.97	1.9152	150000.0	1
22,596	1429.8	438.75	120.974	1.8509	150000.0	1
22,597	1429.85	438.75	120.978	1.7877	150000.0	1
22,598	1429.9	438.75	120.982	1.7256	150000.0	1
22,599	1429.95	438.75	120.986	1.6646	150000.0	1
22,600	1430.0	438.75	120.991	1.6047	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →