Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,301–22,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,301	1415.05	439.36	120.333	1.677	150000.0	1
22,302	1415.1	439.36	120.338	1.6164	150000.0	1
22,303	1415.15	439.36	120.342	1.5569	150000.0	1
22,304	1415.2	439.36	120.346	1.4985	150000.0	1
22,305	1415.25	439.36	120.35	1.4412	150000.0	1
22,306	1415.3	439.36	120.354	1.3851	150000.0	1
22,307	1415.35	439.36	120.358	1.3301	150000.0	1
22,308	1415.4	439.36	120.363	1.2762	150000.0	1
22,309	1415.45	439.36	120.367	1.2234	150000.0	1
22,310	1415.5	439.36	120.371	1.1718	150000.0	1
22,311	1415.55	439.36	120.375	1.1212	150000.0	1
22,312	1415.6	439.36	120.379	1.0718	150000.0	1
22,313	1415.65	439.36	120.383	1.0235	150000.0	1
22,314	1415.7	439.36	120.388	0.9763	150000.0	1
22,315	1415.75	439.31	120.339	2.5527	150000.0	1
22,316	1415.8	439.31	120.343	2.4778	150000.0	1
22,317	1415.85	439.31	120.347	2.404	150000.0	1
22,318	1415.9	439.31	120.351	2.3313	150000.0	1
22,319	1415.95	439.31	120.356	2.2598	150000.0	1
22,320	1416.0	439.31	120.36	2.1893	150000.0	1
22,321	1416.05	439.31	120.364	2.12	150000.0	1
22,322	1416.1	439.31	120.368	2.0518	150000.0	1
22,323	1416.15	439.31	120.372	1.9847	150000.0	1
22,324	1416.2	439.31	120.376	1.9188	150000.0	1
22,325	1416.25	439.31	120.381	1.8539	150000.0	1
22,326	1416.3	439.31	120.385	1.7902	150000.0	1
22,327	1416.35	439.31	120.389	1.7276	150000.0	1
22,328	1416.4	439.31	120.393	1.6661	150000.0	1
22,329	1416.45	439.31	120.397	1.6057	150000.0	1
22,330	1416.5	439.31	120.401	1.5465	150000.0	1
22,331	1416.55	439.31	120.406	1.4884	150000.0	1
22,332	1416.6	439.31	120.41	1.4313	150000.0	1
22,333	1416.65	439.31	120.414	1.3754	150000.0	1
22,334	1416.7	439.31	120.418	1.3207	150000.0	1
22,335	1416.75	439.31	120.422	1.267	150000.0	1
22,336	1416.8	439.31	120.426	1.2145	150000.0	1
22,337	1416.85	439.31	120.431	1.163	150000.0	1
22,338	1416.9	439.31	120.435	1.1127	150000.0	1
22,339	1416.95	439.31	120.439	1.0635	150000.0	1
22,340	1417.0	439.31	120.443	1.0154	150000.0	1
22,341	1417.05	439.31	120.447	0.9685	150000.0	1
22,342	1417.1	439.25	120.398	2.5483	150000.0	1
22,343	1417.15	439.25	120.402	2.4735	150000.0	1
22,344	1417.2	439.25	120.407	2.3999	150000.0	1
22,345	1417.25	439.25	120.411	2.3273	150000.0	1
22,346	1417.3	439.25	120.415	2.2559	150000.0	1
22,347	1417.35	439.25	120.419	2.1855	150000.0	1
22,348	1417.4	439.25	120.423	2.1163	150000.0	1
22,349	1417.45	439.25	120.428	2.0482	150000.0	1
22,350	1417.5	439.25	120.432	1.9813	150000.0	1
22,351	1417.55	439.25	120.436	1.9154	150000.0	1
22,352	1417.6	439.25	120.44	1.8507	150000.0	1
22,353	1417.65	439.25	120.444	1.7871	150000.0	1
22,354	1417.7	439.25	120.448	1.7246	150000.0	1
22,355	1417.75	439.25	120.453	1.6632	150000.0	1
22,356	1417.8	439.25	120.457	1.6029	150000.0	1
22,357	1417.85	439.25	120.461	1.5438	150000.0	1
22,358	1417.9	439.25	120.465	1.4857	150000.0	1
22,359	1417.95	439.25	120.469	1.4288	150000.0	1
22,360	1418.0	439.25	120.473	1.373	150000.0	1
22,361	1418.05	439.25	120.478	1.3183	150000.0	1
22,362	1418.1	439.25	120.482	1.2647	150000.0	1
22,363	1418.15	439.25	120.486	1.2123	150000.0	1
22,364	1418.2	439.25	120.49	1.1609	150000.0	1
22,365	1418.25	439.25	120.494	1.1107	150000.0	1
22,366	1418.3	439.25	120.498	1.0616	150000.0	1
22,367	1418.35	439.25	120.503	1.0136	150000.0	1
22,368	1418.4	439.25	120.507	0.9667	150000.0	1
22,369	1418.45	439.2	120.458	2.5498	150000.0	1
22,370	1418.5	439.2	120.462	2.4751	150000.0	1
22,371	1418.55	439.2	120.466	2.4014	150000.0	1
22,372	1418.6	439.2	120.47	2.3289	150000.0	1
22,373	1418.65	439.2	120.474	2.2575	150000.0	1
22,374	1418.7	439.2	120.479	2.1872	150000.0	1
22,375	1418.75	439.2	120.483	2.118	150000.0	1
22,376	1418.8	439.2	120.487	2.0499	150000.0	1
22,377	1418.85	439.2	120.491	1.983	150000.0	1
22,378	1418.9	439.2	120.495	1.9172	150000.0	1
22,379	1418.95	439.2	120.499	1.8524	150000.0	1
22,380	1419.0	439.2	120.504	1.7888	150000.0	1
22,381	1419.05	439.2	120.508	1.7264	150000.0	1
22,382	1419.1	439.2	120.512	1.665	150000.0	1
22,383	1419.15	439.2	120.516	1.6047	150000.0	1
22,384	1419.2	439.2	120.52	1.5456	150000.0	1
22,385	1419.25	439.2	120.524	1.4876	150000.0	1
22,386	1419.3	439.2	120.529	1.4307	150000.0	1
22,387	1419.35	439.2	120.533	1.3749	150000.0	1
22,388	1419.4	439.2	120.537	1.3202	150000.0	1
22,389	1419.45	439.2	120.541	1.2666	150000.0	1
22,390	1419.5	439.2	120.545	1.2141	150000.0	1
22,391	1419.55	439.2	120.549	1.1628	150000.0	1
22,392	1419.6	439.2	120.554	1.1126	150000.0	1
22,393	1419.65	439.2	120.558	1.0635	150000.0	1
22,394	1419.7	439.2	120.562	1.0154	150000.0	1
22,395	1419.75	439.2	120.566	0.9686	150000.0	1
22,396	1419.8	439.14	120.517	2.5548	150000.0	1
22,397	1419.85	439.14	120.521	2.4801	150000.0	1
22,398	1419.9	439.14	120.525	2.4064	150000.0	1
22,399	1419.95	439.14	120.529	2.3338	150000.0	1
22,400	1420.0	439.14	120.534	2.2624	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →