Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,201–22,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,201	1410.05	439.58	120.127	1.2858	150000.0	1
22,202	1410.1	439.58	120.131	1.2327	150000.0	1
22,203	1410.15	439.58	120.135	1.1806	150000.0	1
22,204	1410.2	439.58	120.139	1.1298	150000.0	1
22,205	1410.25	439.58	120.144	1.08	150000.0	1
22,206	1410.3	439.58	120.148	1.0314	150000.0	1
22,207	1410.35	439.58	120.152	0.9838	150000.0	1
22,208	1410.4	439.53	120.104	2.5472	150000.0	1
22,209	1410.45	439.53	120.108	2.4722	150000.0	1
22,210	1410.5	439.53	120.112	2.3982	150000.0	1
22,211	1410.55	439.53	120.116	2.3254	150000.0	1
22,212	1410.6	439.53	120.12	2.2537	150000.0	1
22,213	1410.65	439.53	120.125	2.1832	150000.0	1
22,214	1410.7	439.53	120.129	2.1137	150000.0	1
22,215	1410.75	439.53	120.133	2.0454	150000.0	1
22,216	1410.8	439.53	120.137	1.9783	150000.0	1
22,217	1410.85	439.53	120.141	1.9122	150000.0	1
22,218	1410.9	439.53	120.145	1.8473	150000.0	1
22,219	1410.95	439.53	120.15	1.7835	150000.0	1
22,220	1411.0	439.53	120.154	1.7208	150000.0	1
22,221	1411.05	439.53	120.158	1.6593	150000.0	1
22,222	1411.1	439.53	120.162	1.5988	150000.0	1
22,223	1411.15	439.53	120.166	1.5395	150000.0	1
22,224	1411.2	439.53	120.17	1.4814	150000.0	1
22,225	1411.25	439.53	120.175	1.4243	150000.0	1
22,226	1411.3	439.53	120.179	1.3684	150000.0	1
22,227	1411.35	439.53	120.183	1.3136	150000.0	1
22,228	1411.4	439.53	120.187	1.2599	150000.0	1
22,229	1411.45	439.53	120.191	1.2074	150000.0	1
22,230	1411.5	439.53	120.195	1.1559	150000.0	1
22,231	1411.55	439.53	120.2	1.1056	150000.0	1
22,232	1411.6	439.53	120.204	1.0564	150000.0	1
22,233	1411.65	439.53	120.208	1.0084	150000.0	1
22,234	1411.7	439.53	120.212	0.9614	150000.0	1
22,235	1411.75	439.47	120.164	2.5287	150000.0	1
22,236	1411.8	439.47	120.168	2.454	150000.0	1
22,237	1411.85	439.47	120.172	2.3804	150000.0	1
22,238	1411.9	439.47	120.176	2.3079	150000.0	1
22,239	1411.95	439.47	120.18	2.2365	150000.0	1
22,240	1412.0	439.47	120.185	2.1663	150000.0	1
22,241	1412.05	439.47	120.189	2.0972	150000.0	1
22,242	1412.1	439.47	120.193	2.0292	150000.0	1
22,243	1412.15	439.47	120.197	1.9623	150000.0	1
22,244	1412.2	439.47	120.201	1.8966	150000.0	1
22,245	1412.25	439.47	120.205	1.832	150000.0	1
22,246	1412.3	439.47	120.21	1.7685	150000.0	1
22,247	1412.35	439.47	120.214	1.7062	150000.0	1
22,248	1412.4	439.47	120.218	1.6449	150000.0	1
22,249	1412.45	439.47	120.222	1.5848	150000.0	1
22,250	1412.5	439.47	120.226	1.5258	150000.0	1
22,251	1412.55	439.47	120.23	1.468	150000.0	1
22,252	1412.6	439.47	120.235	1.4112	150000.0	1
22,253	1412.65	439.47	120.239	1.3556	150000.0	1
22,254	1412.7	439.47	120.243	1.3011	150000.0	1
22,255	1412.75	439.47	120.247	1.2477	150000.0	1
22,256	1412.8	439.47	120.251	1.1955	150000.0	1
22,257	1412.85	439.47	120.255	1.1443	150000.0	1
22,258	1412.9	439.47	120.26	1.0943	150000.0	1
22,259	1412.95	439.47	120.264	1.0454	150000.0	1
22,260	1413.0	439.47	120.268	0.9977	150000.0	1
22,261	1413.05	439.47	120.272	0.951	150000.0	1
22,262	1413.1	439.42	120.224	2.5218	150000.0	1
22,263	1413.15	439.42	120.228	2.4473	150000.0	1
22,264	1413.2	439.42	120.232	2.3738	150000.0	1
22,265	1413.25	439.42	120.236	2.3015	150000.0	1
22,266	1413.3	439.42	120.24	2.2303	150000.0	1
22,267	1413.35	439.42	120.244	2.1602	150000.0	1
22,268	1413.4	439.42	120.249	2.0912	150000.0	1
22,269	1413.45	439.42	120.253	2.0234	150000.0	1
22,270	1413.5	439.42	120.257	1.9567	150000.0	1
22,271	1413.55	439.42	120.261	1.8911	150000.0	1
22,272	1413.6	439.42	120.265	1.8266	150000.0	1
22,273	1413.65	439.42	120.269	1.7633	150000.0	1
22,274	1413.7	439.42	120.274	1.7011	150000.0	1
22,275	1413.75	439.42	120.278	1.64	150000.0	1
22,276	1413.8	439.42	120.282	1.58	150000.0	1
22,277	1413.85	439.42	120.286	1.5212	150000.0	1
22,278	1413.9	439.42	120.29	1.4634	150000.0	1
22,279	1413.95	439.42	120.294	1.4068	150000.0	1
22,280	1414.0	439.42	120.299	1.3513	150000.0	1
22,281	1414.05	439.42	120.303	1.2969	150000.0	1
22,282	1414.1	439.42	120.307	1.2437	150000.0	1
22,283	1414.15	439.42	120.311	1.1916	150000.0	1
22,284	1414.2	439.42	120.315	1.1406	150000.0	1
22,285	1414.25	439.42	120.319	1.0907	150000.0	1
22,286	1414.3	439.42	120.324	1.0419	150000.0	1
22,287	1414.35	439.42	120.328	0.9942	150000.0	1
22,288	1414.4	439.36	120.279	2.5669	150000.0	1
22,289	1414.45	439.36	120.283	2.4917	150000.0	1
22,290	1414.5	439.36	120.288	2.4177	150000.0	1
22,291	1414.55	439.36	120.292	2.3447	150000.0	1
22,292	1414.6	439.36	120.296	2.2729	150000.0	1
22,293	1414.65	439.36	120.3	2.2022	150000.0	1
22,294	1414.7	439.36	120.304	2.1326	150000.0	1
22,295	1414.75	439.36	120.308	2.0642	150000.0	1
22,296	1414.8	439.36	120.313	1.9968	150000.0	1
22,297	1414.85	439.36	120.317	1.9306	150000.0	1
22,298	1414.9	439.36	120.321	1.8655	150000.0	1
22,299	1414.95	439.36	120.325	1.8016	150000.0	1
22,300	1415.0	439.36	120.329	1.7387	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →