Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,001–22,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,001	1400.05	439.96	119.657	2.1625	150000.0	1
22,002	1400.1	439.96	119.661	2.093	150000.0	1
22,003	1400.15	439.96	119.665	2.0246	150000.0	1
22,004	1400.2	439.96	119.669	1.9574	150000.0	1
22,005	1400.25	439.96	119.673	1.8913	150000.0	1
22,006	1400.3	439.96	119.677	1.8263	150000.0	1
22,007	1400.35	439.96	119.682	1.7625	150000.0	1
22,008	1400.4	439.96	119.686	1.6998	150000.0	1
22,009	1400.45	439.96	119.69	1.6383	150000.0	1
22,010	1400.5	439.96	119.694	1.5779	150000.0	1
22,011	1400.55	439.96	119.698	1.5186	150000.0	1
22,012	1400.6	439.96	119.702	1.4605	150000.0	1
22,013	1400.65	439.96	119.707	1.4036	150000.0	1
22,014	1400.7	439.96	119.711	1.3477	150000.0	1
22,015	1400.75	439.96	119.715	1.293	150000.0	1
22,016	1400.8	439.96	119.719	1.2394	150000.0	1
22,017	1400.85	439.96	119.723	1.187	150000.0	1
22,018	1400.9	439.96	119.727	1.1357	150000.0	1
22,019	1400.95	439.96	119.731	1.0856	150000.0	1
22,020	1401.0	439.96	119.736	1.0366	150000.0	1
22,021	1401.05	439.96	119.74	0.9887	150000.0	1
22,022	1401.1	439.96	119.744	0.9419	150000.0	1
22,023	1401.15	439.91	119.697	2.4839	150000.0	1
22,024	1401.2	439.91	119.701	2.4094	150000.0	1
22,025	1401.25	439.91	119.705	2.336	150000.0	1
22,026	1401.3	439.91	119.709	2.2638	150000.0	1
22,027	1401.35	439.91	119.713	2.1927	150000.0	1
22,028	1401.4	439.91	119.718	2.1228	150000.0	1
22,029	1401.45	439.91	119.722	2.054	150000.0	1
22,030	1401.5	439.91	119.726	1.9863	150000.0	1
22,031	1401.55	439.91	119.73	1.9198	150000.0	1
22,032	1401.6	439.91	119.734	1.8544	150000.0	1
22,033	1401.65	439.91	119.738	1.7901	150000.0	1
22,034	1401.7	439.91	119.743	1.727	150000.0	1
22,035	1401.75	439.91	119.747	1.665	150000.0	1
22,036	1401.8	439.91	119.751	1.6042	150000.0	1
22,037	1401.85	439.91	119.755	1.5444	150000.0	1
22,038	1401.9	439.91	119.759	1.4859	150000.0	1
22,039	1401.95	439.91	119.763	1.4284	150000.0	1
22,040	1402.0	439.91	119.768	1.3721	150000.0	1
22,041	1402.05	439.91	119.772	1.317	150000.0	1
22,042	1402.1	439.91	119.776	1.263	150000.0	1
22,043	1402.15	439.91	119.78	1.2101	150000.0	1
22,044	1402.2	439.91	119.784	1.1583	150000.0	1
22,045	1402.25	439.91	119.788	1.1077	150000.0	1
22,046	1402.3	439.91	119.793	1.0582	150000.0	1
22,047	1402.35	439.91	119.797	1.0098	150000.0	1
22,048	1402.4	439.91	119.801	0.9626	150000.0	1
22,049	1402.45	439.86	119.754	2.5072	150000.0	1
22,050	1402.5	439.86	119.758	2.4324	150000.0	1
22,051	1402.55	439.86	119.762	2.3587	150000.0	1
22,052	1402.6	439.86	119.766	2.2862	150000.0	1
22,053	1402.65	439.86	119.77	2.2148	150000.0	1
22,054	1402.7	439.86	119.774	2.1446	150000.0	1
22,055	1402.75	439.86	119.779	2.0755	150000.0	1
22,056	1402.8	439.86	119.783	2.0075	150000.0	1
22,057	1402.85	439.86	119.787	1.9406	150000.0	1
22,058	1402.9	439.86	119.791	1.8749	150000.0	1
22,059	1402.95	439.86	119.795	1.8104	150000.0	1
22,060	1403.0	439.86	119.799	1.7469	150000.0	1
22,061	1403.05	439.86	119.803	1.6846	150000.0	1
22,062	1403.1	439.86	119.808	1.6235	150000.0	1
22,063	1403.15	439.86	119.812	1.5634	150000.0	1
22,064	1403.2	439.86	119.816	1.5045	150000.0	1
22,065	1403.25	439.86	119.82	1.4468	150000.0	1
22,066	1403.3	439.86	119.824	1.3902	150000.0	1
22,067	1403.35	439.86	119.828	1.3347	150000.0	1
22,068	1403.4	439.86	119.833	1.2803	150000.0	1
22,069	1403.45	439.86	119.837	1.2271	150000.0	1
22,070	1403.5	439.86	119.841	1.175	150000.0	1
22,071	1403.55	439.86	119.845	1.1241	150000.0	1
22,072	1403.6	439.86	119.849	1.0742	150000.0	1
22,073	1403.65	439.86	119.853	1.0256	150000.0	1
22,074	1403.7	439.86	119.858	0.978	150000.0	1
22,075	1403.75	439.86	119.862	0.9316	150000.0	1
22,076	1403.8	439.8	119.814	2.4804	150000.0	1
22,077	1403.85	439.8	119.818	2.406	150000.0	1
22,078	1403.9	439.8	119.823	2.3328	150000.0	1
22,079	1403.95	439.8	119.827	2.2608	150000.0	1
22,080	1404.0	439.8	119.831	2.1898	150000.0	1
22,081	1404.05	439.8	119.835	2.12	150000.0	1
22,082	1404.1	439.8	119.839	2.0514	150000.0	1
22,083	1404.15	439.8	119.843	1.9838	150000.0	1
22,084	1404.2	439.8	119.848	1.9175	150000.0	1
22,085	1404.25	439.8	119.852	1.8522	150000.0	1
22,086	1404.3	439.8	119.856	1.7881	150000.0	1
22,087	1404.35	439.8	119.86	1.7251	150000.0	1
22,088	1404.4	439.8	119.864	1.6632	150000.0	1
22,089	1404.45	439.8	119.868	1.6025	150000.0	1
22,090	1404.5	439.8	119.873	1.5429	150000.0	1
22,091	1404.55	439.8	119.877	1.4845	150000.0	1
22,092	1404.6	439.8	119.881	1.4271	150000.0	1
22,093	1404.65	439.8	119.885	1.3709	150000.0	1
22,094	1404.7	439.8	119.889	1.3159	150000.0	1
22,095	1404.75	439.8	119.893	1.262	150000.0	1
22,096	1404.8	439.8	119.898	1.2092	150000.0	1
22,097	1404.85	439.8	119.902	1.1575	150000.0	1
22,098	1404.9	439.8	119.906	1.107	150000.0	1
22,099	1404.95	439.8	119.91	1.0576	150000.0	1
22,100	1405.0	439.8	119.914	1.0093	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →