Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,901–22,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,901	1395.05	440.18	119.444	1.7716	150000.0	1
21,902	1395.1	440.18	119.449	1.7086	150000.0	1
21,903	1395.15	440.18	119.453	1.6467	150000.0	1
21,904	1395.2	440.18	119.457	1.586	150000.0	1
21,905	1395.25	440.18	119.461	1.5264	150000.0	1
21,906	1395.3	440.18	119.465	1.468	150000.0	1
21,907	1395.35	440.18	119.469	1.4107	150000.0	1
21,908	1395.4	440.18	119.474	1.3545	150000.0	1
21,909	1395.45	440.18	119.478	1.2995	150000.0	1
21,910	1395.5	440.18	119.482	1.2457	150000.0	1
21,911	1395.55	440.18	119.486	1.193	150000.0	1
21,912	1395.6	440.18	119.49	1.1414	150000.0	1
21,913	1395.65	440.18	119.494	1.091	150000.0	1
21,914	1395.7	440.18	119.499	1.0417	150000.0	1
21,915	1395.75	440.18	119.503	0.9935	150000.0	1
21,916	1395.8	440.18	119.507	0.9465	150000.0	1
21,917	1395.85	440.18	119.511	0.9007	150000.0	1
21,918	1395.9	440.12	119.464	2.4307	150000.0	1
21,919	1395.95	440.12	119.469	2.3568	150000.0	1
21,920	1396.0	440.12	119.473	2.284	150000.0	1
21,921	1396.05	440.12	119.477	2.2124	150000.0	1
21,922	1396.1	440.12	119.481	2.1419	150000.0	1
21,923	1396.15	440.12	119.485	2.0726	150000.0	1
21,924	1396.2	440.12	119.489	2.0044	150000.0	1
21,925	1396.25	440.12	119.494	1.9374	150000.0	1
21,926	1396.3	440.12	119.498	1.8715	150000.0	1
21,927	1396.35	440.12	119.502	1.8068	150000.0	1
21,928	1396.4	440.12	119.506	1.7432	150000.0	1
21,929	1396.45	440.12	119.51	1.6807	150000.0	1
21,930	1396.5	440.12	119.514	1.6194	150000.0	1
21,931	1396.55	440.12	119.518	1.5592	150000.0	1
21,932	1396.6	440.12	119.523	1.5002	150000.0	1
21,933	1396.65	440.12	119.527	1.4423	150000.0	1
21,934	1396.7	440.12	119.531	1.3856	150000.0	1
21,935	1396.75	440.12	119.535	1.33	150000.0	1
21,936	1396.8	440.12	119.539	1.2755	150000.0	1
21,937	1396.85	440.12	119.543	1.2222	150000.0	1
21,938	1396.9	440.12	119.548	1.17	150000.0	1
21,939	1396.95	440.12	119.552	1.119	150000.0	1
21,940	1397.0	440.12	119.556	1.0691	150000.0	1
21,941	1397.05	440.12	119.56	1.0204	150000.0	1
21,942	1397.1	440.12	119.564	0.9727	150000.0	1
21,943	1397.15	440.12	119.568	0.9263	150000.0	1
21,944	1397.2	440.07	119.522	2.4589	150000.0	1
21,945	1397.25	440.07	119.526	2.3846	150000.0	1
21,946	1397.3	440.07	119.53	2.3114	150000.0	1
21,947	1397.35	440.07	119.534	2.2394	150000.0	1
21,948	1397.4	440.07	119.538	2.1686	150000.0	1
21,949	1397.45	440.07	119.542	2.0989	150000.0	1
21,950	1397.5	440.07	119.547	2.0303	150000.0	1
21,951	1397.55	440.07	119.551	1.9629	150000.0	1
21,952	1397.6	440.07	119.555	1.8966	150000.0	1
21,953	1397.65	440.07	119.559	1.8315	150000.0	1
21,954	1397.7	440.07	119.563	1.7675	150000.0	1
21,955	1397.75	440.07	119.567	1.7046	150000.0	1
21,956	1397.8	440.07	119.572	1.6429	150000.0	1
21,957	1397.85	440.07	119.576	1.5823	150000.0	1
21,958	1397.9	440.07	119.58	1.5229	150000.0	1
21,959	1397.95	440.07	119.584	1.4646	150000.0	1
21,960	1398.0	440.07	119.588	1.4075	150000.0	1
21,961	1398.05	440.07	119.592	1.3515	150000.0	1
21,962	1398.1	440.07	119.597	1.2966	150000.0	1
21,963	1398.15	440.07	119.601	1.2429	150000.0	1
21,964	1398.2	440.07	119.605	1.1903	150000.0	1
21,965	1398.25	440.07	119.609	1.1389	150000.0	1
21,966	1398.3	440.07	119.613	1.0886	150000.0	1
21,967	1398.35	440.07	119.617	1.0394	150000.0	1
21,968	1398.4	440.07	119.622	0.9914	150000.0	1
21,969	1398.45	440.07	119.626	0.9445	150000.0	1
21,970	1398.5	440.02	119.579	2.4798	150000.0	1
21,971	1398.55	440.02	119.583	2.4052	150000.0	1
21,972	1398.6	440.02	119.587	2.3318	150000.0	1
21,973	1398.65	440.02	119.591	2.2596	150000.0	1
21,974	1398.7	440.02	119.595	2.1884	150000.0	1
21,975	1398.75	440.02	119.6	2.1185	150000.0	1
21,976	1398.8	440.02	119.604	2.0496	150000.0	1
21,977	1398.85	440.02	119.608	1.9819	150000.0	1
21,978	1398.9	440.02	119.612	1.9154	150000.0	1
21,979	1398.95	440.02	119.616	1.85	150000.0	1
21,980	1399.0	440.02	119.62	1.7857	150000.0	1
21,981	1399.05	440.02	119.625	1.7225	150000.0	1
21,982	1399.1	440.02	119.629	1.6606	150000.0	1
21,983	1399.15	440.02	119.633	1.5997	150000.0	1
21,984	1399.2	440.02	119.637	1.54	150000.0	1
21,985	1399.25	440.02	119.641	1.4814	150000.0	1
21,986	1399.3	440.02	119.645	1.424	150000.0	1
21,987	1399.35	440.02	119.65	1.3677	150000.0	1
21,988	1399.4	440.02	119.654	1.3125	150000.0	1
21,989	1399.45	440.02	119.658	1.2585	150000.0	1
21,990	1399.5	440.02	119.662	1.2056	150000.0	1
21,991	1399.55	440.02	119.666	1.1539	150000.0	1
21,992	1399.6	440.02	119.67	1.1033	150000.0	1
21,993	1399.65	440.02	119.674	1.0539	150000.0	1
21,994	1399.7	440.02	119.679	1.0055	150000.0	1
21,995	1399.75	440.02	119.683	0.9583	150000.0	1
21,996	1399.8	440.02	119.687	0.9123	150000.0	1
21,997	1399.85	439.96	119.64	2.4519	150000.0	1
21,998	1399.9	439.96	119.644	2.3778	150000.0	1
21,999	1399.95	439.96	119.648	2.3049	150000.0	1
22,000	1400.0	439.96	119.652	2.2331	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →