Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,701–21,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,701	1385.05	440.6	119.014	1.2353	150000.0	1
21,702	1385.1	440.6	119.018	1.1825	150000.0	1
21,703	1385.15	440.6	119.022	1.1308	150000.0	1
21,704	1385.2	440.6	119.026	1.0804	150000.0	1
21,705	1385.25	440.6	119.031	1.031	150000.0	1
21,706	1385.3	440.6	119.035	0.9829	150000.0	1
21,707	1385.35	440.6	119.039	0.9358	150000.0	1
21,708	1385.4	440.6	119.043	0.89	150000.0	1
21,709	1385.45	440.55	118.998	2.3938	150000.0	1
21,710	1385.5	440.55	119.002	2.32	150000.0	1
21,711	1385.55	440.55	119.006	2.2474	150000.0	1
21,712	1385.6	440.55	119.01	2.1759	150000.0	1
21,713	1385.65	440.55	119.014	2.1056	150000.0	1
21,714	1385.7	440.55	119.018	2.0365	150000.0	1
21,715	1385.75	440.55	119.023	1.9685	150000.0	1
21,716	1385.8	440.55	119.027	1.9017	150000.0	1
21,717	1385.85	440.55	119.031	1.8361	150000.0	1
21,718	1385.9	440.55	119.035	1.7716	150000.0	1
21,719	1385.95	440.55	119.039	1.7082	150000.0	1
21,720	1386.0	440.55	119.043	1.6461	150000.0	1
21,721	1386.05	440.55	119.047	1.585	150000.0	1
21,722	1386.1	440.55	119.052	1.5252	150000.0	1
21,723	1386.15	440.55	119.056	1.4665	150000.0	1
21,724	1386.2	440.55	119.06	1.4089	150000.0	1
21,725	1386.25	440.55	119.064	1.3525	150000.0	1
21,726	1386.3	440.55	119.068	1.2973	150000.0	1
21,727	1386.35	440.55	119.072	1.2432	150000.0	1
21,728	1386.4	440.55	119.077	1.1902	150000.0	1
21,729	1386.45	440.55	119.081	1.1385	150000.0	1
21,730	1386.5	440.55	119.085	1.0879	150000.0	1
21,731	1386.55	440.55	119.089	1.0384	150000.0	1
21,732	1386.6	440.55	119.093	0.9901	150000.0	1
21,733	1386.65	440.55	119.097	0.9429	150000.0	1
21,734	1386.7	440.55	119.102	0.8969	150000.0	1
21,735	1386.75	440.49	119.056	2.4039	150000.0	1
21,736	1386.8	440.49	119.06	2.33	150000.0	1
21,737	1386.85	440.49	119.064	2.2573	150000.0	1
21,738	1386.9	440.49	119.068	2.1857	150000.0	1
21,739	1386.95	440.49	119.073	2.1153	150000.0	1
21,740	1387.0	440.49	119.077	2.0461	150000.0	1
21,741	1387.05	440.49	119.081	1.978	150000.0	1
21,742	1387.1	440.49	119.085	1.9111	150000.0	1
21,743	1387.15	440.49	119.089	1.8453	150000.0	1
21,744	1387.2	440.49	119.093	1.7807	150000.0	1
21,745	1387.25	440.49	119.097	1.7172	150000.0	1
21,746	1387.3	440.49	119.102	1.6549	150000.0	1
21,747	1387.35	440.49	119.106	1.5938	150000.0	1
21,748	1387.4	440.49	119.11	1.5338	150000.0	1
21,749	1387.45	440.49	119.114	1.4749	150000.0	1
21,750	1387.5	440.49	119.118	1.4173	150000.0	1
21,751	1387.55	440.49	119.122	1.3607	150000.0	1
21,752	1387.6	440.49	119.127	1.3054	150000.0	1
21,753	1387.65	440.49	119.131	1.2511	150000.0	1
21,754	1387.7	440.49	119.135	1.1981	150000.0	1
21,755	1387.75	440.49	119.139	1.1462	150000.0	1
21,756	1387.8	440.49	119.143	1.0954	150000.0	1
21,757	1387.85	440.49	119.147	1.0458	150000.0	1
21,758	1387.9	440.49	119.151	0.9974	150000.0	1
21,759	1387.95	440.49	119.156	0.9501	150000.0	1
21,760	1388.0	440.49	119.16	0.9039	150000.0	1
21,761	1388.05	440.44	119.114	2.414	150000.0	1
21,762	1388.1	440.44	119.118	2.34	150000.0	1
21,763	1388.15	440.44	119.122	2.2672	150000.0	1
21,764	1388.2	440.44	119.127	2.1955	150000.0	1
21,765	1388.25	440.44	119.131	2.125	150000.0	1
21,766	1388.3	440.44	119.135	2.0557	150000.0	1
21,767	1388.35	440.44	119.139	1.9875	150000.0	1
21,768	1388.4	440.44	119.143	1.9204	150000.0	1
21,769	1388.45	440.44	119.147	1.8546	150000.0	1
21,770	1388.5	440.44	119.151	1.7898	150000.0	1
21,771	1388.55	440.44	119.156	1.7262	150000.0	1
21,772	1388.6	440.44	119.16	1.6638	150000.0	1
21,773	1388.65	440.44	119.164	1.6026	150000.0	1
21,774	1388.7	440.44	119.168	1.5424	150000.0	1
21,775	1388.75	440.44	119.172	1.4835	150000.0	1
21,776	1388.8	440.44	119.176	1.4257	150000.0	1
21,777	1388.85	440.44	119.181	1.369	150000.0	1
21,778	1388.9	440.44	119.185	1.3135	150000.0	1
21,779	1388.95	440.44	119.189	1.2592	150000.0	1
21,780	1389.0	440.44	119.193	1.206	150000.0	1
21,781	1389.05	440.44	119.197	1.1539	150000.0	1
21,782	1389.1	440.44	119.201	1.103	150000.0	1
21,783	1389.15	440.44	119.205	1.0533	150000.0	1
21,784	1389.2	440.44	119.21	1.0047	150000.0	1
21,785	1389.25	440.44	119.214	0.9573	150000.0	1
21,786	1389.3	440.44	119.218	0.911	150000.0	1
21,787	1389.35	440.39	119.172	2.4242	150000.0	1
21,788	1389.4	440.39	119.176	2.3501	150000.0	1
21,789	1389.45	440.39	119.18	2.2772	150000.0	1
21,790	1389.5	440.39	119.185	2.2054	150000.0	1
21,791	1389.55	440.39	119.189	2.1348	150000.0	1
21,792	1389.6	440.39	119.193	2.0653	150000.0	1
21,793	1389.65	440.39	119.197	1.997	150000.0	1
21,794	1389.7	440.39	119.201	1.9298	150000.0	1
21,795	1389.75	440.39	119.205	1.8638	150000.0	1
21,796	1389.8	440.39	119.209	1.799	150000.0	1
21,797	1389.85	440.39	119.214	1.7353	150000.0	1
21,798	1389.9	440.39	119.218	1.6728	150000.0	1
21,799	1389.95	440.39	119.222	1.6114	150000.0	1
21,800	1390.0	440.39	119.226	1.5511	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →