Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,601–21,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,601	1380.05	440.8	118.796	1.0035	150000.0	1
21,602	1380.1	440.8	118.8	0.9558	150000.0	1
21,603	1380.15	440.8	118.804	0.9093	150000.0	1
21,604	1380.2	440.8	118.808	0.864	150000.0	1
21,605	1380.25	440.75	118.763	2.3549	150000.0	1
21,606	1380.3	440.75	118.767	2.2815	150000.0	1
21,607	1380.35	440.75	118.772	2.2093	150000.0	1
21,608	1380.4	440.75	118.776	2.1383	150000.0	1
21,609	1380.45	440.75	118.78	2.0684	150000.0	1
21,610	1380.5	440.75	118.784	1.9997	150000.0	1
21,611	1380.55	440.75	118.788	1.9322	150000.0	1
21,612	1380.6	440.75	118.792	1.8658	150000.0	1
21,613	1380.65	440.75	118.796	1.8006	150000.0	1
21,614	1380.7	440.75	118.801	1.7366	150000.0	1
21,615	1380.75	440.75	118.805	1.6737	150000.0	1
21,616	1380.8	440.75	118.809	1.612	150000.0	1
21,617	1380.85	440.75	118.813	1.5514	150000.0	1
21,618	1380.9	440.75	118.817	1.492	150000.0	1
21,619	1380.95	440.75	118.821	1.4338	150000.0	1
21,620	1381.0	440.75	118.826	1.3767	150000.0	1
21,621	1381.05	440.75	118.83	1.3208	150000.0	1
21,622	1381.1	440.75	118.834	1.2661	150000.0	1
21,623	1381.15	440.75	118.838	1.2125	150000.0	1
21,624	1381.2	440.75	118.842	1.1601	150000.0	1
21,625	1381.25	440.75	118.846	1.1089	150000.0	1
21,626	1381.3	440.75	118.85	1.0588	150000.0	1
21,627	1381.35	440.75	118.855	1.0098	150000.0	1
21,628	1381.4	440.75	118.859	0.9621	150000.0	1
21,629	1381.45	440.75	118.863	0.9155	150000.0	1
21,630	1381.5	440.75	118.867	0.87	150000.0	1
21,631	1381.55	440.7	118.822	2.3642	150000.0	1
21,632	1381.6	440.7	118.826	2.2907	150000.0	1
21,633	1381.65	440.7	118.83	2.2184	150000.0	1
21,634	1381.7	440.7	118.834	2.1473	150000.0	1
21,635	1381.75	440.7	118.839	2.0773	150000.0	1
21,636	1381.8	440.7	118.843	2.0085	150000.0	1
21,637	1381.85	440.7	118.847	1.9409	150000.0	1
21,638	1381.9	440.7	118.851	1.8744	150000.0	1
21,639	1381.95	440.7	118.855	1.8091	150000.0	1
21,640	1382.0	440.7	118.859	1.7449	150000.0	1
21,641	1382.05	440.7	118.864	1.6819	150000.0	1
21,642	1382.1	440.7	118.868	1.6201	150000.0	1
21,643	1382.15	440.7	118.872	1.5594	150000.0	1
21,644	1382.2	440.7	118.876	1.4999	150000.0	1
21,645	1382.25	440.7	118.88	1.4416	150000.0	1
21,646	1382.3	440.7	118.884	1.3844	150000.0	1
21,647	1382.35	440.7	118.888	1.3284	150000.0	1
21,648	1382.4	440.7	118.893	1.2735	150000.0	1
21,649	1382.45	440.7	118.897	1.2198	150000.0	1
21,650	1382.5	440.7	118.901	1.1673	150000.0	1
21,651	1382.55	440.7	118.905	1.1159	150000.0	1
21,652	1382.6	440.7	118.909	1.0657	150000.0	1
21,653	1382.65	440.7	118.913	1.0167	150000.0	1
21,654	1382.7	440.7	118.918	0.9688	150000.0	1
21,655	1382.75	440.7	118.922	0.922	150000.0	1
21,656	1382.8	440.7	118.926	0.8765	150000.0	1
21,657	1382.85	440.65	118.881	2.3738	150000.0	1
21,658	1382.9	440.65	118.885	2.3003	150000.0	1
21,659	1382.95	440.65	118.889	2.2279	150000.0	1
21,660	1383.0	440.65	118.893	2.1567	150000.0	1
21,661	1383.05	440.65	118.897	2.0866	150000.0	1
21,662	1383.1	440.65	118.901	2.0177	150000.0	1
21,663	1383.15	440.65	118.906	1.9499	150000.0	1
21,664	1383.2	440.65	118.91	1.8833	150000.0	1
21,665	1383.25	440.65	118.914	1.8179	150000.0	1
21,666	1383.3	440.65	118.918	1.7536	150000.0	1
21,667	1383.35	440.65	118.922	1.6905	150000.0	1
21,668	1383.4	440.65	118.926	1.6286	150000.0	1
21,669	1383.45	440.65	118.931	1.5678	150000.0	1
21,670	1383.5	440.65	118.935	1.5082	150000.0	1
21,671	1383.55	440.65	118.939	1.4497	150000.0	1
21,672	1383.6	440.65	118.943	1.3924	150000.0	1
21,673	1383.65	440.65	118.947	1.3363	150000.0	1
21,674	1383.7	440.65	118.951	1.2813	150000.0	1
21,675	1383.75	440.65	118.955	1.2275	150000.0	1
21,676	1383.8	440.65	118.96	1.1748	150000.0	1
21,677	1383.85	440.65	118.964	1.1233	150000.0	1
21,678	1383.9	440.65	118.968	1.073	150000.0	1
21,679	1383.95	440.65	118.972	1.0238	150000.0	1
21,680	1384.0	440.65	118.976	0.9757	150000.0	1
21,681	1384.05	440.65	118.98	0.9289	150000.0	1
21,682	1384.1	440.65	118.985	0.8831	150000.0	1
21,683	1384.15	440.6	118.939	2.3837	150000.0	1
21,684	1384.2	440.6	118.943	2.3101	150000.0	1
21,685	1384.25	440.6	118.948	2.2376	150000.0	1
21,686	1384.3	440.6	118.952	2.1662	150000.0	1
21,687	1384.35	440.6	118.956	2.096	150000.0	1
21,688	1384.4	440.6	118.96	2.027	150000.0	1
21,689	1384.45	440.6	118.964	1.9592	150000.0	1
21,690	1384.5	440.6	118.968	1.8925	150000.0	1
21,691	1384.55	440.6	118.972	1.8269	150000.0	1
21,692	1384.6	440.6	118.977	1.7625	150000.0	1
21,693	1384.65	440.6	118.981	1.6993	150000.0	1
21,694	1384.7	440.6	118.985	1.6373	150000.0	1
21,695	1384.75	440.6	118.989	1.5764	150000.0	1
21,696	1384.8	440.6	118.993	1.5166	150000.0	1
21,697	1384.85	440.6	118.997	1.458	150000.0	1
21,698	1384.9	440.6	119.002	1.4006	150000.0	1
21,699	1384.95	440.6	119.006	1.3443	150000.0	1
21,700	1385.0	440.6	119.01	1.2892	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →