Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,401–21,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,401	1370.05	441.16	118.305	2.0941	150000.0	1
21,402	1370.1	441.16	118.309	2.0246	150000.0	1
21,403	1370.15	441.16	118.313	1.9562	150000.0	1
21,404	1370.2	441.16	118.317	1.8891	150000.0	1
21,405	1370.25	441.16	118.321	1.8231	150000.0	1
21,406	1370.3	441.16	118.326	1.7582	150000.0	1
21,407	1370.35	441.16	118.33	1.6946	150000.0	1
21,408	1370.4	441.16	118.334	1.6322	150000.0	1
21,409	1370.45	441.16	118.338	1.5709	150000.0	1
21,410	1370.5	441.16	118.342	1.5108	150000.0	1
21,411	1370.55	441.16	118.346	1.4518	150000.0	1
21,412	1370.6	441.16	118.35	1.3941	150000.0	1
21,413	1370.65	441.16	118.355	1.3375	150000.0	1
21,414	1370.7	441.16	118.359	1.2821	150000.0	1
21,415	1370.75	441.16	118.363	1.2279	150000.0	1
21,416	1370.8	441.16	118.367	1.1749	150000.0	1
21,417	1370.85	441.16	118.371	1.123	150000.0	1
21,418	1370.9	441.16	118.375	1.0723	150000.0	1
21,419	1370.95	441.16	118.379	1.0228	150000.0	1
21,420	1371.0	441.16	118.384	0.9744	150000.0	1
21,421	1371.05	441.16	118.388	0.9273	150000.0	1
21,422	1371.1	441.16	118.392	0.8813	150000.0	1
21,423	1371.15	441.16	118.396	0.8364	150000.0	1
21,424	1371.2	441.11	118.352	2.304	150000.0	1
21,425	1371.25	441.11	118.356	2.2311	150000.0	1
21,426	1371.3	441.11	118.36	2.1593	150000.0	1
21,427	1371.35	441.11	118.365	2.0888	150000.0	1
21,428	1371.4	441.11	118.369	2.0194	150000.0	1
21,429	1371.45	441.11	118.373	1.9512	150000.0	1
21,430	1371.5	441.11	118.377	1.8841	150000.0	1
21,431	1371.55	441.11	118.381	1.8183	150000.0	1
21,432	1371.6	441.11	118.385	1.7536	150000.0	1
21,433	1371.65	441.11	118.39	1.6901	150000.0	1
21,434	1371.7	441.11	118.394	1.6278	150000.0	1
21,435	1371.75	441.11	118.398	1.5666	150000.0	1
21,436	1371.8	441.11	118.402	1.5066	150000.0	1
21,437	1371.85	441.11	118.406	1.4478	150000.0	1
21,438	1371.9	441.11	118.41	1.3902	150000.0	1
21,439	1371.95	441.11	118.414	1.3337	150000.0	1
21,440	1372.0	441.11	118.419	1.2785	150000.0	1
21,441	1372.05	441.11	118.423	1.2244	150000.0	1
21,442	1372.1	441.11	118.427	1.1714	150000.0	1
21,443	1372.15	441.11	118.431	1.1197	150000.0	1
21,444	1372.2	441.11	118.435	1.0691	150000.0	1
21,445	1372.25	441.11	118.439	1.0197	150000.0	1
21,446	1372.3	441.11	118.443	0.9714	150000.0	1
21,447	1372.35	441.11	118.448	0.9244	150000.0	1
21,448	1372.4	441.11	118.452	0.8785	150000.0	1
21,449	1372.45	441.06	118.408	2.3481	150000.0	1
21,450	1372.5	441.06	118.412	2.2745	150000.0	1
21,451	1372.55	441.06	118.416	2.2021	150000.0	1
21,452	1372.6	441.06	118.42	2.1309	150000.0	1
21,453	1372.65	441.06	118.424	2.0609	150000.0	1
21,454	1372.7	441.06	118.428	1.992	150000.0	1
21,455	1372.75	441.06	118.433	1.9243	150000.0	1
21,456	1372.8	441.06	118.437	1.8578	150000.0	1
21,457	1372.85	441.06	118.441	1.7924	150000.0	1
21,458	1372.9	441.06	118.445	1.7283	150000.0	1
21,459	1372.95	441.06	118.449	1.6653	150000.0	1
21,460	1373.0	441.06	118.453	1.6035	150000.0	1
21,461	1373.05	441.06	118.458	1.5428	150000.0	1
21,462	1373.1	441.06	118.462	1.4833	150000.0	1
21,463	1373.15	441.06	118.466	1.425	150000.0	1
21,464	1373.2	441.06	118.47	1.3679	150000.0	1
21,465	1373.25	441.06	118.474	1.312	150000.0	1
21,466	1373.3	441.06	118.478	1.2572	150000.0	1
21,467	1373.35	441.06	118.482	1.2036	150000.0	1
21,468	1373.4	441.06	118.487	1.1511	150000.0	1
21,469	1373.45	441.06	118.491	1.0999	150000.0	1
21,470	1373.5	441.06	118.495	1.0498	150000.0	1
21,471	1373.55	441.06	118.499	1.0009	150000.0	1
21,472	1373.6	441.06	118.503	0.9531	150000.0	1
21,473	1373.65	441.06	118.507	0.9065	150000.0	1
21,474	1373.7	441.06	118.512	0.8611	150000.0	1
21,475	1373.75	441.01	118.467	2.3347	150000.0	1
21,476	1373.8	441.01	118.471	2.2614	150000.0	1
21,477	1373.85	441.01	118.476	2.1893	150000.0	1
21,478	1373.9	441.01	118.48	2.1183	150000.0	1
21,479	1373.95	441.01	118.484	2.0486	150000.0	1
21,480	1374.0	441.01	118.488	1.9799	150000.0	1
21,481	1374.05	441.01	118.492	1.9125	150000.0	1
21,482	1374.1	441.01	118.496	1.8462	150000.0	1
21,483	1374.15	441.01	118.501	1.7811	150000.0	1
21,484	1374.2	441.01	118.505	1.7172	150000.0	1
21,485	1374.25	441.01	118.509	1.6545	150000.0	1
21,486	1374.3	441.01	118.513	1.5929	150000.0	1
21,487	1374.35	441.01	118.517	1.5325	150000.0	1
21,488	1374.4	441.01	118.521	1.4733	150000.0	1
21,489	1374.45	441.01	118.525	1.4152	150000.0	1
21,490	1374.5	441.01	118.53	1.3583	150000.0	1
21,491	1374.55	441.01	118.534	1.3026	150000.0	1
21,492	1374.6	441.01	118.538	1.2481	150000.0	1
21,493	1374.65	441.01	118.542	1.1947	150000.0	1
21,494	1374.7	441.01	118.546	1.1425	150000.0	1
21,495	1374.75	441.01	118.55	1.0915	150000.0	1
21,496	1374.8	441.01	118.554	1.0416	150000.0	1
21,497	1374.85	441.01	118.559	0.9929	150000.0	1
21,498	1374.9	441.01	118.563	0.9454	150000.0	1
21,499	1374.95	441.01	118.567	0.899	150000.0	1
21,500	1375.0	441.01	118.571	0.8538	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →