Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,201–21,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,201	1360.05	441.56	117.855	1.7601	150000.0	1
21,202	1360.1	441.56	117.859	1.6961	150000.0	1
21,203	1360.15	441.56	117.863	1.6332	150000.0	1
21,204	1360.2	441.56	117.867	1.5716	150000.0	1
21,205	1360.25	441.56	117.871	1.5112	150000.0	1
21,206	1360.3	441.56	117.875	1.4519	150000.0	1
21,207	1360.35	441.56	117.88	1.3938	150000.0	1
21,208	1360.4	441.56	117.884	1.337	150000.0	1
21,209	1360.45	441.56	117.888	1.2813	150000.0	1
21,210	1360.5	441.56	117.892	1.2268	150000.0	1
21,211	1360.55	441.56	117.896	1.1734	150000.0	1
21,212	1360.6	441.56	117.9	1.1213	150000.0	1
21,213	1360.65	441.56	117.904	1.0704	150000.0	1
21,214	1360.7	441.56	117.909	1.0206	150000.0	1
21,215	1360.75	441.56	117.913	0.9721	150000.0	1
21,216	1360.8	441.56	117.917	0.9247	150000.0	1
21,217	1360.85	441.56	117.921	0.8785	150000.0	1
21,218	1360.9	441.56	117.925	0.8335	150000.0	1
21,219	1360.95	441.51	117.882	2.2731	150000.0	1
21,220	1361.0	441.51	117.886	2.2003	150000.0	1
21,221	1361.05	441.51	117.891	2.1286	150000.0	1
21,222	1361.1	441.51	117.895	2.0582	150000.0	1
21,223	1361.15	441.51	117.899	1.9889	150000.0	1
21,224	1361.2	441.51	117.903	1.9209	150000.0	1
21,225	1361.25	441.51	117.907	1.854	150000.0	1
21,226	1361.3	441.51	117.911	1.7883	150000.0	1
21,227	1361.35	441.51	117.916	1.7238	150000.0	1
21,228	1361.4	441.51	117.92	1.6605	150000.0	1
21,229	1361.45	441.51	117.924	1.5984	150000.0	1
21,230	1361.5	441.51	117.928	1.5375	150000.0	1
21,231	1361.55	441.51	117.932	1.4777	150000.0	1
21,232	1361.6	441.51	117.936	1.4192	150000.0	1
21,233	1361.65	441.51	117.94	1.3618	150000.0	1
21,234	1361.7	441.51	117.945	1.3056	150000.0	1
21,235	1361.75	441.51	117.949	1.2507	150000.0	1
21,236	1361.8	441.51	117.953	1.1969	150000.0	1
21,237	1361.85	441.51	117.957	1.1442	150000.0	1
21,238	1361.9	441.51	117.961	1.0928	150000.0	1
21,239	1361.95	441.51	117.965	1.0426	150000.0	1
21,240	1362.0	441.51	117.969	0.9935	150000.0	1
21,241	1362.05	441.51	117.974	0.9457	150000.0	1
21,242	1362.1	441.51	117.978	0.899	150000.0	1
21,243	1362.15	441.51	117.982	0.8535	150000.0	1
21,244	1362.2	441.51	117.986	0.8092	150000.0	1
21,245	1362.25	441.46	117.943	2.2531	150000.0	1
21,246	1362.3	441.46	117.947	2.1806	150000.0	1
21,247	1362.35	441.46	117.951	2.1094	150000.0	1
21,248	1362.4	441.46	117.956	2.0393	150000.0	1
21,249	1362.45	441.46	117.96	1.9704	150000.0	1
21,250	1362.5	441.46	117.964	1.9027	150000.0	1
21,251	1362.55	441.46	117.968	1.8362	150000.0	1
21,252	1362.6	441.46	117.972	1.7709	150000.0	1
21,253	1362.65	441.46	117.976	1.7068	150000.0	1
21,254	1362.7	441.46	117.98	1.6438	150000.0	1
21,255	1362.75	441.46	117.985	1.5821	150000.0	1
21,256	1362.8	441.46	117.989	1.5215	150000.0	1
21,257	1362.85	441.46	117.993	1.4621	150000.0	1
21,258	1362.9	441.46	117.997	1.4039	150000.0	1
21,259	1362.95	441.46	118.001	1.3469	150000.0	1
21,260	1363.0	441.46	118.005	1.2911	150000.0	1
21,261	1363.05	441.46	118.009	1.2365	150000.0	1
21,262	1363.1	441.46	118.014	1.183	150000.0	1
21,263	1363.15	441.46	118.018	1.1307	150000.0	1
21,264	1363.2	441.46	118.022	1.0797	150000.0	1
21,265	1363.25	441.46	118.026	1.0298	150000.0	1
21,266	1363.3	441.46	118.03	0.981	150000.0	1
21,267	1363.35	441.46	118.034	0.9335	150000.0	1
21,268	1363.4	441.46	118.038	0.8872	150000.0	1
21,269	1363.45	441.46	118.043	0.842	150000.0	1
21,270	1363.5	441.41	118.0	2.2884	150000.0	1
21,271	1363.55	441.41	118.004	2.2154	150000.0	1
21,272	1363.6	441.41	118.008	2.1436	150000.0	1
21,273	1363.65	441.41	118.012	2.073	150000.0	1
21,274	1363.7	441.41	118.016	2.0036	150000.0	1
21,275	1363.75	441.41	118.02	1.9354	150000.0	1
21,276	1363.8	441.41	118.024	1.8684	150000.0	1
21,277	1363.85	441.41	118.029	1.8025	150000.0	1
21,278	1363.9	441.41	118.033	1.7378	150000.0	1
21,279	1363.95	441.41	118.037	1.6744	150000.0	1
21,280	1364.0	441.41	118.041	1.6121	150000.0	1
21,281	1364.05	441.41	118.045	1.551	150000.0	1
21,282	1364.1	441.41	118.049	1.491	150000.0	1
21,283	1364.15	441.41	118.053	1.4323	150000.0	1
21,284	1364.2	441.41	118.058	1.3747	150000.0	1
21,285	1364.25	441.41	118.062	1.3184	150000.0	1
21,286	1364.3	441.41	118.066	1.2632	150000.0	1
21,287	1364.35	441.41	118.07	1.2092	150000.0	1
21,288	1364.4	441.41	118.074	1.1564	150000.0	1
21,289	1364.45	441.41	118.078	1.1048	150000.0	1
21,290	1364.5	441.41	118.082	1.0543	150000.0	1
21,291	1364.55	441.41	118.087	1.005	150000.0	1
21,292	1364.6	441.41	118.091	0.957	150000.0	1
21,293	1364.65	441.41	118.095	0.91	150000.0	1
21,294	1364.7	441.41	118.099	0.8643	150000.0	1
21,295	1364.75	441.41	118.103	0.8198	150000.0	1
21,296	1364.8	441.36	118.06	2.2704	150000.0	1
21,297	1364.85	441.36	118.064	2.1978	150000.0	1
21,298	1364.9	441.36	118.068	2.1264	150000.0	1
21,299	1364.95	441.36	118.072	2.0561	150000.0	1
21,300	1365.0	441.36	118.077	1.987	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →