Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,301–21,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,301	1365.05	441.36	118.081	1.9191	150000.0	1
21,302	1365.1	441.36	118.085	1.8524	150000.0	1
21,303	1365.15	441.36	118.089	1.7869	150000.0	1
21,304	1365.2	441.36	118.093	1.7226	150000.0	1
21,305	1365.25	441.36	118.097	1.6594	150000.0	1
21,306	1365.3	441.36	118.101	1.5975	150000.0	1
21,307	1365.35	441.36	118.106	1.5367	150000.0	1
21,308	1365.4	441.36	118.11	1.4771	150000.0	1
21,309	1365.45	441.36	118.114	1.4187	150000.0	1
21,310	1365.5	441.36	118.118	1.3614	150000.0	1
21,311	1365.55	441.36	118.122	1.3054	150000.0	1
21,312	1365.6	441.36	118.126	1.2505	150000.0	1
21,313	1365.65	441.36	118.131	1.1968	150000.0	1
21,314	1365.7	441.36	118.135	1.1443	150000.0	1
21,315	1365.75	441.36	118.139	1.093	150000.0	1
21,316	1365.8	441.36	118.143	1.0428	150000.0	1
21,317	1365.85	441.36	118.147	0.9939	150000.0	1
21,318	1365.9	441.36	118.151	0.9461	150000.0	1
21,319	1365.95	441.36	118.155	0.8995	150000.0	1
21,320	1366.0	441.36	118.16	0.8541	150000.0	1
21,321	1366.05	441.31	118.116	2.3071	150000.0	1
21,322	1366.1	441.31	118.12	2.2339	150000.0	1
21,323	1366.15	441.31	118.125	2.1619	150000.0	1
21,324	1366.2	441.31	118.129	2.0911	150000.0	1
21,325	1366.25	441.31	118.133	2.0215	150000.0	1
21,326	1366.3	441.31	118.137	1.9531	150000.0	1
21,327	1366.35	441.31	118.141	1.8858	150000.0	1
21,328	1366.4	441.31	118.145	1.8198	150000.0	1
21,329	1366.45	441.31	118.149	1.7549	150000.0	1
21,330	1366.5	441.31	118.154	1.6912	150000.0	1
21,331	1366.55	441.31	118.158	1.6286	150000.0	1
21,332	1366.6	441.31	118.162	1.5673	150000.0	1
21,333	1366.65	441.31	118.166	1.5071	150000.0	1
21,334	1366.7	441.31	118.17	1.4482	150000.0	1
21,335	1366.75	441.31	118.174	1.3904	150000.0	1
21,336	1366.8	441.31	118.178	1.3338	150000.0	1
21,337	1366.85	441.31	118.183	1.2783	150000.0	1
21,338	1366.9	441.31	118.187	1.2241	150000.0	1
21,339	1366.95	441.31	118.191	1.171	150000.0	1
21,340	1367.0	441.31	118.195	1.1191	150000.0	1
21,341	1367.05	441.31	118.199	1.0684	150000.0	1
21,342	1367.1	441.31	118.203	1.0189	150000.0	1
21,343	1367.15	441.31	118.207	0.9705	150000.0	1
21,344	1367.2	441.31	118.212	0.9233	150000.0	1
21,345	1367.25	441.31	118.216	0.8773	150000.0	1
21,346	1367.3	441.31	118.22	0.8325	150000.0	1
21,347	1367.35	441.26	118.176	2.2898	150000.0	1
21,348	1367.4	441.26	118.181	2.2169	150000.0	1
21,349	1367.45	441.26	118.185	2.1453	150000.0	1
21,350	1367.5	441.26	118.189	2.0748	150000.0	1
21,351	1367.55	441.26	118.193	2.0055	150000.0	1
21,352	1367.6	441.26	118.197	1.9374	150000.0	1
21,353	1367.65	441.26	118.201	1.8704	150000.0	1
21,354	1367.7	441.26	118.205	1.8047	150000.0	1
21,355	1367.75	441.26	118.21	1.7401	150000.0	1
21,356	1367.8	441.26	118.214	1.6767	150000.0	1
21,357	1367.85	441.26	118.218	1.6145	150000.0	1
21,358	1367.9	441.26	118.222	1.5535	150000.0	1
21,359	1367.95	441.26	118.226	1.4936	150000.0	1
21,360	1368.0	441.26	118.23	1.435	150000.0	1
21,361	1368.05	441.26	118.235	1.3775	150000.0	1
21,362	1368.1	441.26	118.239	1.3212	150000.0	1
21,363	1368.15	441.26	118.243	1.266	150000.0	1
21,364	1368.2	441.26	118.247	1.2121	150000.0	1
21,365	1368.25	441.26	118.251	1.1593	150000.0	1
21,366	1368.3	441.26	118.255	1.1077	150000.0	1
21,367	1368.35	441.26	118.259	1.0573	150000.0	1
21,368	1368.4	441.26	118.264	1.0081	150000.0	1
21,369	1368.45	441.26	118.268	0.96	150000.0	1
21,370	1368.5	441.26	118.272	0.9131	150000.0	1
21,371	1368.55	441.26	118.276	0.8674	150000.0	1
21,372	1368.6	441.21	118.232	2.327	150000.0	1
21,373	1368.65	441.21	118.237	2.2536	150000.0	1
21,374	1368.7	441.21	118.241	2.1814	150000.0	1
21,375	1368.75	441.21	118.245	2.1104	150000.0	1
21,376	1368.8	441.21	118.249	2.0405	150000.0	1
21,377	1368.85	441.21	118.253	1.9719	150000.0	1
21,378	1368.9	441.21	118.257	1.9044	150000.0	1
21,379	1368.95	441.21	118.261	1.8381	150000.0	1
21,380	1369.0	441.21	118.266	1.7729	150000.0	1
21,381	1369.05	441.21	118.27	1.709	150000.0	1
21,382	1369.1	441.21	118.274	1.6462	150000.0	1
21,383	1369.15	441.21	118.278	1.5846	150000.0	1
21,384	1369.2	441.21	118.282	1.5242	150000.0	1
21,385	1369.25	441.21	118.286	1.465	150000.0	1
21,386	1369.3	441.21	118.29	1.4069	150000.0	1
21,387	1369.35	441.21	118.295	1.3501	150000.0	1
21,388	1369.4	441.21	118.299	1.2944	150000.0	1
21,389	1369.45	441.21	118.303	1.2398	150000.0	1
21,390	1369.5	441.21	118.307	1.1865	150000.0	1
21,391	1369.55	441.21	118.311	1.1343	150000.0	1
21,392	1369.6	441.21	118.315	1.0833	150000.0	1
21,393	1369.65	441.21	118.32	1.0335	150000.0	1
21,394	1369.7	441.21	118.324	0.9849	150000.0	1
21,395	1369.75	441.21	118.328	0.9374	150000.0	1
21,396	1369.8	441.21	118.332	0.8911	150000.0	1
21,397	1369.85	441.21	118.336	0.846	150000.0	1
21,398	1369.9	441.16	118.292	2.3097	150000.0	1
21,399	1369.95	441.16	118.296	2.2367	150000.0	1
21,400	1370.0	441.16	118.301	2.1648	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →