Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,501–21,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,501	1375.05	440.96	118.527	2.3312	150000.0	1
21,502	1375.1	440.96	118.531	2.258	150000.0	1
21,503	1375.15	440.96	118.535	2.1859	150000.0	1
21,504	1375.2	440.96	118.539	2.1151	150000.0	1
21,505	1375.25	440.96	118.543	2.0454	150000.0	1
21,506	1375.3	440.96	118.548	1.9769	150000.0	1
21,507	1375.35	440.96	118.552	1.9096	150000.0	1
21,508	1375.4	440.96	118.556	1.8434	150000.0	1
21,509	1375.45	440.96	118.56	1.7784	150000.0	1
21,510	1375.5	440.96	118.564	1.7146	150000.0	1
21,511	1375.55	440.96	118.568	1.6519	150000.0	1
21,512	1375.6	440.96	118.572	1.5904	150000.0	1
21,513	1375.65	440.96	118.577	1.5301	150000.0	1
21,514	1375.7	440.96	118.581	1.471	150000.0	1
21,515	1375.75	440.96	118.585	1.413	150000.0	1
21,516	1375.8	440.96	118.589	1.3562	150000.0	1
21,517	1375.85	440.96	118.593	1.3006	150000.0	1
21,518	1375.9	440.96	118.597	1.2461	150000.0	1
21,519	1375.95	440.96	118.601	1.1928	150000.0	1
21,520	1376.0	440.96	118.606	1.1407	150000.0	1
21,521	1376.05	440.96	118.61	1.0897	150000.0	1
21,522	1376.1	440.96	118.614	1.0399	150000.0	1
21,523	1376.15	440.96	118.618	0.9913	150000.0	1
21,524	1376.2	440.96	118.622	0.9439	150000.0	1
21,525	1376.25	440.96	118.626	0.8976	150000.0	1
21,526	1376.3	440.96	118.631	0.8525	150000.0	1
21,527	1376.35	440.91	118.586	2.3333	150000.0	1
21,528	1376.4	440.91	118.59	2.2601	150000.0	1
21,529	1376.45	440.91	118.594	2.1881	150000.0	1
21,530	1376.5	440.91	118.599	2.1173	150000.0	1
21,531	1376.55	440.91	118.603	2.0476	150000.0	1
21,532	1376.6	440.91	118.607	1.9791	150000.0	1
21,533	1376.65	440.91	118.611	1.9118	150000.0	1
21,534	1376.7	440.91	118.615	1.8456	150000.0	1
21,535	1376.75	440.91	118.619	1.7806	150000.0	1
21,536	1376.8	440.91	118.623	1.7168	150000.0	1
21,537	1376.85	440.91	118.628	1.6542	150000.0	1
21,538	1376.9	440.91	118.632	1.5927	150000.0	1
21,539	1376.95	440.91	118.636	1.5324	150000.0	1
21,540	1377.0	440.91	118.64	1.4732	150000.0	1
21,541	1377.05	440.91	118.644	1.4153	150000.0	1
21,542	1377.1	440.91	118.648	1.3584	150000.0	1
21,543	1377.15	440.91	118.653	1.3028	150000.0	1
21,544	1377.2	440.91	118.657	1.2483	150000.0	1
21,545	1377.25	440.91	118.661	1.195	150000.0	1
21,546	1377.3	440.91	118.665	1.1429	150000.0	1
21,547	1377.35	440.91	118.669	1.0919	150000.0	1
21,548	1377.4	440.91	118.673	1.0421	150000.0	1
21,549	1377.45	440.91	118.677	0.9935	150000.0	1
21,550	1377.5	440.91	118.682	0.946	150000.0	1
21,551	1377.55	440.91	118.686	0.8997	150000.0	1
21,552	1377.6	440.91	118.69	0.8546	150000.0	1
21,553	1377.65	440.86	118.645	2.3388	150000.0	1
21,554	1377.7	440.86	118.649	2.2656	150000.0	1
21,555	1377.75	440.86	118.654	2.1936	150000.0	1
21,556	1377.8	440.86	118.658	2.1227	150000.0	1
21,557	1377.85	440.86	118.662	2.053	150000.0	1
21,558	1377.9	440.86	118.666	1.9844	150000.0	1
21,559	1377.95	440.86	118.67	1.9171	150000.0	1
21,560	1378.0	440.86	118.674	1.8509	150000.0	1
21,561	1378.05	440.86	118.678	1.7858	150000.0	1
21,562	1378.1	440.86	118.683	1.7219	150000.0	1
21,563	1378.15	440.86	118.687	1.6592	150000.0	1
21,564	1378.2	440.86	118.691	1.5977	150000.0	1
21,565	1378.25	440.86	118.695	1.5373	150000.0	1
21,566	1378.3	440.86	118.699	1.4781	150000.0	1
21,567	1378.35	440.86	118.703	1.4201	150000.0	1
21,568	1378.4	440.86	118.708	1.3632	150000.0	1
21,569	1378.45	440.86	118.712	1.3075	150000.0	1
21,570	1378.5	440.86	118.716	1.253	150000.0	1
21,571	1378.55	440.86	118.72	1.1996	150000.0	1
21,572	1378.6	440.86	118.724	1.1474	150000.0	1
21,573	1378.65	440.86	118.728	1.0964	150000.0	1
21,574	1378.7	440.86	118.732	1.0465	150000.0	1
21,575	1378.75	440.86	118.737	0.9978	150000.0	1
21,576	1378.8	440.86	118.741	0.9503	150000.0	1
21,577	1378.85	440.86	118.745	0.9039	150000.0	1
21,578	1378.9	440.86	118.749	0.8587	150000.0	1
21,579	1378.95	440.8	118.704	2.3463	150000.0	1
21,580	1379.0	440.8	118.708	2.273	150000.0	1
21,581	1379.05	440.8	118.713	2.2009	150000.0	1
21,582	1379.1	440.8	118.717	2.13	150000.0	1
21,583	1379.15	440.8	118.721	2.0602	150000.0	1
21,584	1379.2	440.8	118.725	1.9916	150000.0	1
21,585	1379.25	440.8	118.729	1.9241	150000.0	1
21,586	1379.3	440.8	118.733	1.8578	150000.0	1
21,587	1379.35	440.8	118.738	1.7927	150000.0	1
21,588	1379.4	440.8	118.742	1.7288	150000.0	1
21,589	1379.45	440.8	118.746	1.666	150000.0	1
21,590	1379.5	440.8	118.75	1.6044	150000.0	1
21,591	1379.55	440.8	118.754	1.5439	150000.0	1
21,592	1379.6	440.8	118.758	1.4846	150000.0	1
21,593	1379.65	440.8	118.762	1.4265	150000.0	1
21,594	1379.7	440.8	118.767	1.3695	150000.0	1
21,595	1379.75	440.8	118.771	1.3138	150000.0	1
21,596	1379.8	440.8	118.775	1.2591	150000.0	1
21,597	1379.85	440.8	118.779	1.2057	150000.0	1
21,598	1379.9	440.8	118.783	1.1534	150000.0	1
21,599	1379.95	440.8	118.787	1.1022	150000.0	1
21,600	1380.0	440.8	118.792	1.0523	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →