Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,001–21,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,001	1350.05	441.94	117.396	1.6042	150000.0	1
21,002	1350.1	441.94	117.4	1.5427	150000.0	1
21,003	1350.15	441.94	117.404	1.4825	150000.0	1
21,004	1350.2	441.94	117.409	1.4235	150000.0	1
21,005	1350.25	441.94	117.413	1.3657	150000.0	1
21,006	1350.3	441.94	117.417	1.3091	150000.0	1
21,007	1350.35	441.94	117.421	1.2537	150000.0	1
21,008	1350.4	441.94	117.425	1.1995	150000.0	1
21,009	1350.45	441.94	117.429	1.1466	150000.0	1
21,010	1350.5	441.94	117.433	1.0948	150000.0	1
21,011	1350.55	441.94	117.438	1.0442	150000.0	1
21,012	1350.6	441.94	117.442	0.9948	150000.0	1
21,013	1350.65	441.94	117.446	0.9466	150000.0	1
21,014	1350.7	441.94	117.45	0.8996	150000.0	1
21,015	1350.75	441.94	117.454	0.8538	150000.0	1
21,016	1350.8	441.94	117.458	0.8092	150000.0	1
21,017	1350.85	441.9	117.417	2.2212	150000.0	1
21,018	1350.9	441.9	117.421	2.1488	150000.0	1
21,019	1350.95	441.9	117.425	2.0777	150000.0	1
21,020	1351.0	441.9	117.429	2.0077	150000.0	1
21,021	1351.05	441.9	117.433	1.939	150000.0	1
21,022	1351.1	441.9	117.437	1.8714	150000.0	1
21,023	1351.15	441.9	117.441	1.805	150000.0	1
21,024	1351.2	441.9	117.446	1.7399	150000.0	1
21,025	1351.25	441.9	117.45	1.6759	150000.0	1
21,026	1351.3	441.9	117.454	1.6132	150000.0	1
21,027	1351.35	441.9	117.458	1.5516	150000.0	1
21,028	1351.4	441.9	117.462	1.4913	150000.0	1
21,029	1351.45	441.9	117.466	1.4322	150000.0	1
21,030	1351.5	441.9	117.47	1.3742	150000.0	1
21,031	1351.55	441.9	117.475	1.3175	150000.0	1
21,032	1351.6	441.9	117.479	1.2619	150000.0	1
21,033	1351.65	441.9	117.483	1.2076	150000.0	1
21,034	1351.7	441.9	117.487	1.1545	150000.0	1
21,035	1351.75	441.9	117.491	1.1025	150000.0	1
21,036	1351.8	441.9	117.495	1.0518	150000.0	1
21,037	1351.85	441.9	117.499	1.0023	150000.0	1
21,038	1351.9	441.9	117.504	0.9539	150000.0	1
21,039	1351.95	441.9	117.508	0.9068	150000.0	1
21,040	1352.0	441.9	117.512	0.8608	150000.0	1
21,041	1352.05	441.9	117.516	0.8161	150000.0	1
21,042	1352.1	441.85	117.474	2.2314	150000.0	1
21,043	1352.15	441.85	117.478	2.1589	150000.0	1
21,044	1352.2	441.85	117.483	2.0876	150000.0	1
21,045	1352.25	441.85	117.487	2.0175	150000.0	1
21,046	1352.3	441.85	117.491	1.9486	150000.0	1
21,047	1352.35	441.85	117.495	1.881	150000.0	1
21,048	1352.4	441.85	117.499	1.8145	150000.0	1
21,049	1352.45	441.85	117.503	1.7492	150000.0	1
21,050	1352.5	441.85	117.507	1.6851	150000.0	1
21,051	1352.55	441.85	117.512	1.6222	150000.0	1
21,052	1352.6	441.85	117.516	1.5606	150000.0	1
21,053	1352.65	441.85	117.52	1.5001	150000.0	1
21,054	1352.7	441.85	117.524	1.4408	150000.0	1
21,055	1352.75	441.85	117.528	1.3827	150000.0	1
21,056	1352.8	441.85	117.532	1.3259	150000.0	1
21,057	1352.85	441.85	117.536	1.2702	150000.0	1
21,058	1352.9	441.85	117.541	1.2157	150000.0	1
21,059	1352.95	441.85	117.545	1.1624	150000.0	1
21,060	1353.0	441.85	117.549	1.1103	150000.0	1
21,061	1353.05	441.85	117.553	1.0594	150000.0	1
21,062	1353.1	441.85	117.557	1.0098	150000.0	1
21,063	1353.15	441.85	117.561	0.9613	150000.0	1
21,064	1353.2	441.85	117.565	0.914	150000.0	1
21,065	1353.25	441.85	117.57	0.8679	150000.0	1
21,066	1353.3	441.85	117.574	0.823	150000.0	1
21,067	1353.35	441.8	117.532	2.2416	150000.0	1
21,068	1353.4	441.8	117.536	2.169	150000.0	1
21,069	1353.45	441.8	117.54	2.0976	150000.0	1
21,070	1353.5	441.8	117.544	2.0274	150000.0	1
21,071	1353.55	441.8	117.548	1.9584	150000.0	1
21,072	1353.6	441.8	117.552	1.8905	150000.0	1
21,073	1353.65	441.8	117.557	1.8239	150000.0	1
21,074	1353.7	441.8	117.561	1.7585	150000.0	1
21,075	1353.75	441.8	117.565	1.6943	150000.0	1
21,076	1353.8	441.8	117.569	1.6313	150000.0	1
21,077	1353.85	441.8	117.573	1.5695	150000.0	1
21,078	1353.9	441.8	117.577	1.5089	150000.0	1
21,079	1353.95	441.8	117.581	1.4495	150000.0	1
21,080	1354.0	441.8	117.586	1.3913	150000.0	1
21,081	1354.05	441.8	117.59	1.3342	150000.0	1
21,082	1354.1	441.8	117.594	1.2784	150000.0	1
21,083	1354.15	441.8	117.598	1.2238	150000.0	1
21,084	1354.2	441.8	117.602	1.1704	150000.0	1
21,085	1354.25	441.8	117.606	1.1181	150000.0	1
21,086	1354.3	441.8	117.61	1.0671	150000.0	1
21,087	1354.35	441.8	117.615	1.0173	150000.0	1
21,088	1354.4	441.8	117.619	0.9686	150000.0	1
21,089	1354.45	441.8	117.623	0.9212	150000.0	1
21,090	1354.5	441.8	117.627	0.8749	150000.0	1
21,091	1354.55	441.8	117.631	0.8299	150000.0	1
21,092	1354.6	441.75	117.589	2.2518	150000.0	1
21,093	1354.65	441.75	117.593	2.179	150000.0	1
21,094	1354.7	441.75	117.597	2.1075	150000.0	1
21,095	1354.75	441.75	117.602	2.0372	150000.0	1
21,096	1354.8	441.75	117.606	1.9681	150000.0	1
21,097	1354.85	441.75	117.61	1.9001	150000.0	1
21,098	1354.9	441.75	117.614	1.8334	150000.0	1
21,099	1354.95	441.75	117.618	1.7679	150000.0	1
21,100	1355.0	441.75	117.622	1.7035	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →