Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,901–21,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,901	1345.05	442.13	117.164	1.5684	150000.0	1
20,902	1345.1	442.13	117.168	1.5076	150000.0	1
20,903	1345.15	442.13	117.172	1.4479	150000.0	1
20,904	1345.2	442.13	117.176	1.3894	150000.0	1
20,905	1345.25	442.13	117.18	1.3322	150000.0	1
20,906	1345.3	442.13	117.184	1.2762	150000.0	1
20,907	1345.35	442.13	117.189	1.2213	150000.0	1
20,908	1345.4	442.13	117.193	1.1677	150000.0	1
20,909	1345.45	442.13	117.197	1.1153	150000.0	1
20,910	1345.5	442.13	117.201	1.0641	150000.0	1
20,911	1345.55	442.13	117.205	1.0141	150000.0	1
20,912	1345.6	442.13	117.209	0.9653	150000.0	1
20,913	1345.65	442.13	117.213	0.9177	150000.0	1
20,914	1345.7	442.13	117.218	0.8713	150000.0	1
20,915	1345.75	442.13	117.222	0.8262	150000.0	1
20,916	1345.8	442.13	117.226	0.7822	150000.0	1
20,917	1345.85	442.09	117.185	2.1807	150000.0	1
20,918	1345.9	442.09	117.189	2.1088	150000.0	1
20,919	1345.95	442.09	117.193	2.0381	150000.0	1
20,920	1346.0	442.09	117.197	1.9687	150000.0	1
20,921	1346.05	442.09	117.201	1.9004	150000.0	1
20,922	1346.1	442.09	117.205	1.8334	150000.0	1
20,923	1346.15	442.09	117.21	1.7675	150000.0	1
20,924	1346.2	442.09	117.214	1.7029	150000.0	1
20,925	1346.25	442.09	117.218	1.6395	150000.0	1
20,926	1346.3	442.09	117.222	1.5772	150000.0	1
20,927	1346.35	442.09	117.226	1.5162	150000.0	1
20,928	1346.4	442.09	117.23	1.4564	150000.0	1
20,929	1346.45	442.09	117.234	1.3978	150000.0	1
20,930	1346.5	442.09	117.239	1.3405	150000.0	1
20,931	1346.55	442.09	117.243	1.2843	150000.0	1
20,932	1346.6	442.09	117.247	1.2293	150000.0	1
20,933	1346.65	442.09	117.251	1.1756	150000.0	1
20,934	1346.7	442.09	117.255	1.123	150000.0	1
20,935	1346.75	442.09	117.259	1.0716	150000.0	1
20,936	1346.8	442.09	117.263	1.0215	150000.0	1
20,937	1346.85	442.09	117.268	0.9726	150000.0	1
20,938	1346.9	442.09	117.272	0.9248	150000.0	1
20,939	1346.95	442.09	117.276	0.8783	150000.0	1
20,940	1347.0	442.09	117.28	0.833	150000.0	1
20,941	1347.05	442.09	117.284	0.7888	150000.0	1
20,942	1347.1	442.04	117.243	2.1908	150000.0	1
20,943	1347.15	442.04	117.247	2.1188	150000.0	1
20,944	1347.2	442.04	117.251	2.048	150000.0	1
20,945	1347.25	442.04	117.255	1.9784	150000.0	1
20,946	1347.3	442.04	117.26	1.91	150000.0	1
20,947	1347.35	442.04	117.264	1.8428	150000.0	1
20,948	1347.4	442.04	117.268	1.7768	150000.0	1
20,949	1347.45	442.04	117.272	1.7121	150000.0	1
20,950	1347.5	442.04	117.276	1.6485	150000.0	1
20,951	1347.55	442.04	117.28	1.5862	150000.0	1
20,952	1347.6	442.04	117.284	1.525	150000.0	1
20,953	1347.65	442.04	117.288	1.4651	150000.0	1
20,954	1347.7	442.04	117.293	1.4064	150000.0	1
20,955	1347.75	442.04	117.297	1.3488	150000.0	1
20,956	1347.8	442.04	117.301	1.2925	150000.0	1
20,957	1347.85	442.04	117.305	1.2374	150000.0	1
20,958	1347.9	442.04	117.309	1.1835	150000.0	1
20,959	1347.95	442.04	117.313	1.1308	150000.0	1
20,960	1348.0	442.04	117.317	1.0793	150000.0	1
20,961	1348.05	442.04	117.322	1.029	150000.0	1
20,962	1348.1	442.04	117.326	0.9799	150000.0	1
20,963	1348.15	442.04	117.33	0.932	150000.0	1
20,964	1348.2	442.04	117.334	0.8853	150000.0	1
20,965	1348.25	442.04	117.338	0.8399	150000.0	1
20,966	1348.3	442.04	117.342	0.7956	150000.0	1
20,967	1348.35	441.99	117.301	2.2009	150000.0	1
20,968	1348.4	441.99	117.305	2.1288	150000.0	1
20,969	1348.45	441.99	117.309	2.0578	150000.0	1
20,970	1348.5	441.99	117.313	1.9881	150000.0	1
20,971	1348.55	441.99	117.318	1.9196	150000.0	1
20,972	1348.6	441.99	117.322	1.8523	150000.0	1
20,973	1348.65	441.99	117.326	1.7862	150000.0	1
20,974	1348.7	441.99	117.33	1.7213	150000.0	1
20,975	1348.75	441.99	117.334	1.6576	150000.0	1
20,976	1348.8	441.99	117.338	1.5951	150000.0	1
20,977	1348.85	441.99	117.342	1.5339	150000.0	1
20,978	1348.9	441.99	117.347	1.4738	150000.0	1
20,979	1348.95	441.99	117.351	1.4149	150000.0	1
20,980	1349.0	441.99	117.355	1.3573	150000.0	1
20,981	1349.05	441.99	117.359	1.3008	150000.0	1
20,982	1349.1	441.99	117.363	1.2456	150000.0	1
20,983	1349.15	441.99	117.367	1.1915	150000.0	1
20,984	1349.2	441.99	117.371	1.1387	150000.0	1
20,985	1349.25	441.99	117.376	1.087	150000.0	1
20,986	1349.3	441.99	117.38	1.0366	150000.0	1
20,987	1349.35	441.99	117.384	0.9873	150000.0	1
20,988	1349.4	441.99	117.388	0.9393	150000.0	1
20,989	1349.45	441.99	117.392	0.8924	150000.0	1
20,990	1349.5	441.99	117.396	0.8468	150000.0	1
20,991	1349.55	441.99	117.4	0.8024	150000.0	1
20,992	1349.6	441.94	117.359	2.211	150000.0	1
20,993	1349.65	441.94	117.363	2.1388	150000.0	1
20,994	1349.7	441.94	117.367	2.0677	150000.0	1
20,995	1349.75	441.94	117.371	1.9979	150000.0	1
20,996	1349.8	441.94	117.375	1.9293	150000.0	1
20,997	1349.85	441.94	117.38	1.8618	150000.0	1
20,998	1349.9	441.94	117.384	1.7956	150000.0	1
20,999	1349.95	441.94	117.388	1.7306	150000.0	1
21,000	1350.0	441.94	117.392	1.6668	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →