Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,701–20,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,701	1335.05	442.51	116.693	1.541	150000.0	1
20,702	1335.1	442.51	116.697	1.4803	150000.0	1
20,703	1335.15	442.51	116.701	1.4209	150000.0	1
20,704	1335.2	442.51	116.705	1.3627	150000.0	1
20,705	1335.25	442.51	116.709	1.3057	150000.0	1
20,706	1335.3	442.51	116.714	1.25	150000.0	1
20,707	1335.35	442.51	116.718	1.1954	150000.0	1
20,708	1335.4	442.51	116.722	1.1421	150000.0	1
20,709	1335.45	442.51	116.726	1.09	150000.0	1
20,710	1335.5	442.51	116.73	1.0391	150000.0	1
20,711	1335.55	442.51	116.734	0.9895	150000.0	1
20,712	1335.6	442.51	116.738	0.9411	150000.0	1
20,713	1335.65	442.51	116.742	0.8938	150000.0	1
20,714	1335.7	442.51	116.747	0.8478	150000.0	1
20,715	1335.75	442.51	116.751	0.803	150000.0	1
20,716	1335.8	442.51	116.755	0.7595	150000.0	1
20,717	1335.85	442.46	116.715	2.1293	150000.0	1
20,718	1335.9	442.46	116.719	2.0579	150000.0	1
20,719	1335.95	442.46	116.723	1.9877	150000.0	1
20,720	1336.0	442.46	116.727	1.9188	150000.0	1
20,721	1336.05	442.46	116.731	1.851	150000.0	1
20,722	1336.1	442.46	116.736	1.7845	150000.0	1
20,723	1336.15	442.46	116.74	1.7192	150000.0	1
20,724	1336.2	442.46	116.744	1.6552	150000.0	1
20,725	1336.25	442.46	116.748	1.5923	150000.0	1
20,726	1336.3	442.46	116.752	1.5307	150000.0	1
20,727	1336.35	442.46	116.756	1.4703	150000.0	1
20,728	1336.4	442.46	116.76	1.4111	150000.0	1
20,729	1336.45	442.46	116.765	1.3532	150000.0	1
20,730	1336.5	442.46	116.769	1.2964	150000.0	1
20,731	1336.55	442.46	116.773	1.2409	150000.0	1
20,732	1336.6	442.46	116.777	1.1866	150000.0	1
20,733	1336.65	442.46	116.781	1.1335	150000.0	1
20,734	1336.7	442.46	116.785	1.0817	150000.0	1
20,735	1336.75	442.46	116.789	1.031	150000.0	1
20,736	1336.8	442.46	116.794	0.9816	150000.0	1
20,737	1336.85	442.46	116.798	0.9334	150000.0	1
20,738	1336.9	442.46	116.802	0.8864	150000.0	1
20,739	1336.95	442.46	116.806	0.8406	150000.0	1
20,740	1337.0	442.46	116.81	0.796	150000.0	1
20,741	1337.05	442.46	116.814	0.7527	150000.0	1
20,742	1337.1	442.42	116.774	2.1265	150000.0	1
20,743	1337.15	442.42	116.778	2.0552	150000.0	1
20,744	1337.2	442.42	116.782	1.9851	150000.0	1
20,745	1337.25	442.42	116.787	1.9162	150000.0	1
20,746	1337.3	442.42	116.791	1.8486	150000.0	1
20,747	1337.35	442.42	116.795	1.7821	150000.0	1
20,748	1337.4	442.42	116.799	1.7169	150000.0	1
20,749	1337.45	442.42	116.803	1.653	150000.0	1
20,750	1337.5	442.42	116.807	1.5902	150000.0	1
20,751	1337.55	442.42	116.811	1.5287	150000.0	1
20,752	1337.6	442.42	116.815	1.4683	150000.0	1
20,753	1337.65	442.42	116.82	1.4092	150000.0	1
20,754	1337.7	442.42	116.824	1.3513	150000.0	1
20,755	1337.75	442.42	116.828	1.2947	150000.0	1
20,756	1337.8	442.42	116.832	1.2392	150000.0	1
20,757	1337.85	442.42	116.836	1.185	150000.0	1
20,758	1337.9	442.42	116.84	1.132	150000.0	1
20,759	1337.95	442.42	116.844	1.0802	150000.0	1
20,760	1338.0	442.42	116.849	1.0296	150000.0	1
20,761	1338.05	442.42	116.853	0.9803	150000.0	1
20,762	1338.1	442.42	116.857	0.9321	150000.0	1
20,763	1338.15	442.42	116.861	0.8852	150000.0	1
20,764	1338.2	442.42	116.865	0.8395	150000.0	1
20,765	1338.25	442.42	116.869	0.795	150000.0	1
20,766	1338.3	442.42	116.873	0.7517	150000.0	1
20,767	1338.35	442.37	116.833	2.1292	150000.0	1
20,768	1338.4	442.37	116.837	2.0579	150000.0	1
20,769	1338.45	442.37	116.841	1.9878	150000.0	1
20,770	1338.5	442.37	116.846	1.9189	150000.0	1
20,771	1338.55	442.37	116.85	1.8513	150000.0	1
20,772	1338.6	442.37	116.854	1.7848	150000.0	1
20,773	1338.65	442.37	116.858	1.7196	150000.0	1
20,774	1338.7	442.37	116.862	1.6556	150000.0	1
20,775	1338.75	442.37	116.866	1.5929	150000.0	1
20,776	1338.8	442.37	116.87	1.5313	150000.0	1
20,777	1338.85	442.37	116.875	1.471	150000.0	1
20,778	1338.9	442.37	116.879	1.4119	150000.0	1
20,779	1338.95	442.37	116.883	1.354	150000.0	1
20,780	1339.0	442.37	116.887	1.2973	150000.0	1
20,781	1339.05	442.37	116.891	1.2418	150000.0	1
20,782	1339.1	442.37	116.895	1.1876	150000.0	1
20,783	1339.15	442.37	116.899	1.1345	150000.0	1
20,784	1339.2	442.37	116.904	1.0827	150000.0	1
20,785	1339.25	442.37	116.908	1.0321	150000.0	1
20,786	1339.3	442.37	116.912	0.9827	150000.0	1
20,787	1339.35	442.37	116.916	0.9345	150000.0	1
20,788	1339.4	442.37	116.92	0.8876	150000.0	1
20,789	1339.45	442.37	116.924	0.8418	150000.0	1
20,790	1339.5	442.37	116.928	0.7973	150000.0	1
20,791	1339.55	442.37	116.932	0.754	150000.0	1
20,792	1339.6	442.32	116.892	2.1351	150000.0	1
20,793	1339.65	442.32	116.896	2.0637	150000.0	1
20,794	1339.7	442.32	116.9	1.9936	150000.0	1
20,795	1339.75	442.32	116.905	1.9247	150000.0	1
20,796	1339.8	442.32	116.909	1.857	150000.0	1
20,797	1339.85	442.32	116.913	1.7905	150000.0	1
20,798	1339.9	442.32	116.917	1.7252	150000.0	1
20,799	1339.95	442.32	116.921	1.6612	150000.0	1
20,800	1340.0	442.32	116.925	1.5983	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →