Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,501–20,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,501	1325.05	442.87	116.213	1.7072	150000.0	1
20,502	1325.1	442.87	116.218	1.643	150000.0	1
20,503	1325.15	442.87	116.222	1.58	150000.0	1
20,504	1325.2	442.87	116.226	1.5183	150000.0	1
20,505	1325.25	442.87	116.23	1.4578	150000.0	1
20,506	1325.3	442.87	116.234	1.3985	150000.0	1
20,507	1325.35	442.87	116.238	1.3405	150000.0	1
20,508	1325.4	442.87	116.242	1.2837	150000.0	1
20,509	1325.45	442.87	116.247	1.2281	150000.0	1
20,510	1325.5	442.87	116.251	1.1738	150000.0	1
20,511	1325.55	442.87	116.255	1.1207	150000.0	1
20,512	1325.6	442.87	116.259	1.0688	150000.0	1
20,513	1325.65	442.87	116.263	1.0182	150000.0	1
20,514	1325.7	442.87	116.267	0.9688	150000.0	1
20,515	1325.75	442.87	116.271	0.9207	150000.0	1
20,516	1325.8	442.87	116.276	0.8737	150000.0	1
20,517	1325.85	442.87	116.28	0.828	150000.0	1
20,518	1325.9	442.87	116.284	0.7835	150000.0	1
20,519	1325.95	442.87	116.288	0.7403	150000.0	1
20,520	1326.0	442.83	116.249	2.0811	150000.0	1
20,521	1326.05	442.83	116.253	2.0102	150000.0	1
20,522	1326.1	442.83	116.257	1.9405	150000.0	1
20,523	1326.15	442.83	116.261	1.872	150000.0	1
20,524	1326.2	442.83	116.266	1.8048	150000.0	1
20,525	1326.25	442.83	116.27	1.7388	150000.0	1
20,526	1326.3	442.83	116.274	1.674	150000.0	1
20,527	1326.35	442.83	116.278	1.6105	150000.0	1
20,528	1326.4	442.83	116.282	1.5482	150000.0	1
20,529	1326.45	442.83	116.286	1.4871	150000.0	1
20,530	1326.5	442.83	116.29	1.4273	150000.0	1
20,531	1326.55	442.83	116.295	1.3687	150000.0	1
20,532	1326.6	442.83	116.299	1.3114	150000.0	1
20,533	1326.65	442.83	116.303	1.2552	150000.0	1
20,534	1326.7	442.83	116.307	1.2003	150000.0	1
20,535	1326.75	442.83	116.311	1.1467	150000.0	1
20,536	1326.8	442.83	116.315	1.0942	150000.0	1
20,537	1326.85	442.83	116.319	1.043	150000.0	1
20,538	1326.9	442.83	116.323	0.9931	150000.0	1
20,539	1326.95	442.83	116.328	0.9443	150000.0	1
20,540	1327.0	442.83	116.332	0.8968	150000.0	1
20,541	1327.05	442.83	116.336	0.8505	150000.0	1
20,542	1327.1	442.83	116.34	0.8055	150000.0	1
20,543	1327.15	442.83	116.344	0.7616	150000.0	1
20,544	1327.2	442.83	116.348	0.719	150000.0	1
20,545	1327.25	442.78	116.309	2.0644	150000.0	1
20,546	1327.3	442.78	116.313	1.9938	150000.0	1
20,547	1327.35	442.78	116.318	1.9244	150000.0	1
20,548	1327.4	442.78	116.322	1.8563	150000.0	1
20,549	1327.45	442.78	116.326	1.7894	150000.0	1
20,550	1327.5	442.78	116.33	1.7237	150000.0	1
20,551	1327.55	442.78	116.334	1.6593	150000.0	1
20,552	1327.6	442.78	116.338	1.5961	150000.0	1
20,553	1327.65	442.78	116.342	1.5341	150000.0	1
20,554	1327.7	442.78	116.347	1.4733	150000.0	1
20,555	1327.75	442.78	116.351	1.4138	150000.0	1
20,556	1327.8	442.78	116.355	1.3556	150000.0	1
20,557	1327.85	442.78	116.359	1.2985	150000.0	1
20,558	1327.9	442.78	116.363	1.2427	150000.0	1
20,559	1327.95	442.78	116.367	1.1881	150000.0	1
20,560	1328.0	442.78	116.371	1.1348	150000.0	1
20,561	1328.05	442.78	116.375	1.0826	150000.0	1
20,562	1328.1	442.78	116.38	1.0317	150000.0	1
20,563	1328.15	442.78	116.384	0.9821	150000.0	1
20,564	1328.2	442.78	116.388	0.9336	150000.0	1
20,565	1328.25	442.78	116.392	0.8864	150000.0	1
20,566	1328.3	442.78	116.396	0.8404	150000.0	1
20,567	1328.35	442.78	116.4	0.7957	150000.0	1
20,568	1328.4	442.78	116.404	0.7522	150000.0	1
20,569	1328.45	442.74	116.365	2.1001	150000.0	1
20,570	1328.5	442.74	116.369	2.0289	150000.0	1
20,571	1328.55	442.74	116.374	1.9589	150000.0	1
20,572	1328.6	442.74	116.378	1.8902	150000.0	1
20,573	1328.65	442.74	116.382	1.8228	150000.0	1
20,574	1328.7	442.74	116.386	1.7565	150000.0	1
20,575	1328.75	442.74	116.39	1.6915	150000.0	1
20,576	1328.8	442.74	116.394	1.6277	150000.0	1
20,577	1328.85	442.74	116.398	1.5652	150000.0	1
20,578	1328.9	442.74	116.402	1.5038	150000.0	1
20,579	1328.95	442.74	116.407	1.4437	150000.0	1
20,580	1329.0	442.74	116.411	1.3849	150000.0	1
20,581	1329.05	442.74	116.415	1.3273	150000.0	1
20,582	1329.1	442.74	116.419	1.2709	150000.0	1
20,583	1329.15	442.74	116.423	1.2157	150000.0	1
20,584	1329.2	442.74	116.427	1.1617	150000.0	1
20,585	1329.25	442.74	116.431	1.109	150000.0	1
20,586	1329.3	442.74	116.436	1.0575	150000.0	1
20,587	1329.35	442.74	116.44	1.0073	150000.0	1
20,588	1329.4	442.74	116.444	0.9582	150000.0	1
20,589	1329.45	442.74	116.448	0.9104	150000.0	1
20,590	1329.5	442.74	116.452	0.8638	150000.0	1
20,591	1329.55	442.74	116.456	0.8185	150000.0	1
20,592	1329.6	442.74	116.46	0.7744	150000.0	1
20,593	1329.65	442.74	116.465	0.7314	150000.0	1
20,594	1329.7	442.69	116.425	2.0838	150000.0	1
20,595	1329.75	442.69	116.429	2.013	150000.0	1
20,596	1329.8	442.69	116.434	1.9433	150000.0	1
20,597	1329.85	442.69	116.438	1.875	150000.0	1
20,598	1329.9	442.69	116.442	1.8078	150000.0	1
20,599	1329.95	442.69	116.446	1.7419	150000.0	1
20,600	1330.0	442.69	116.45	1.6772	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →